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• W596796122 abstract "The French Revolution gave rise to the modern nation and sparked vigorous debates about who should belong to it. This study analyzes the models of national identity in two eyewitness accounts of the Revolution: Germaine de Stael’s Considerations on the French Revolution and Helen Maria Williams’s Letters from France. As women and religious minorities, Stael and Williams had historically been second-class citizens; furthermore, their nationalities were not easily classified because their lives crossed geographical boundaries. Yet their views about national identity have not been thoroughly explored, as most previous studies of their works have concentrated on gender. Through analysis of the Considerations and the Letters, this study concludes that Stael and Williams based membership in the nation on two factors: support for liberty, characterized by moderate representative government, and emotional attachment to the nation. Their inclusive, cosmopolitan model was independent of gender or religion and allowed people to belong to multiple nations. Though this ideal seemed attainable in the early Revolution, France reverted to exclusive nationalism during both the Reign of Terror and Napoleon’s empire. While their ideas were not widely accepted, Williams and Stael presented an important alternative to the ethnic nationalism that came to dominate Europe in the nineteenth century. Furthermore, they offer two insights into modern discussions of citizenship: first, that one’s experience of belonging to a nation is not determined by one’s legal status; and second, that cosmopolitanism can coexist with patriotism. FA C U LT Y M E N T O R : D R . S T E V E N C . H AU S E Professor Steven C. Hause Ph.D. is a Professor in the Department of History and a Senior Scholar in the Humanities in International and Area Studies. His research explores the Protestant minority in France, especially during the period 1860-1910 and the role of Protestants in the founding of the Third Republic. Of particular interest is the creation of a republic dedicated to human rights (especially the rights of women and minorities). Dr. Hause’s publications include the award winning “Women’s Suffrage and Social Politics in the French Third Republic.” A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S I am grateful for many dedicated professors at Washington University, whose help means much more than I can express in this limited space. My advisor, Professor Steven Hause, provided constant guidance and encouragement. Second readers Professors Tili Boone Cuille and Joseph Loewenstein generously gave their time and feedback. Additional thanks goes to Professor Gerald Izenberg, who advised my sophomore research project, Professors Lara Bovilsky, Guy Ortolano and Wolfram Schmidgen, and Ms Ruth Berson. Thanks also to my family, friends, the Writing Center, and the Catholic Student Center for their support during this project. K E Y T E R M S" @default.
• W596796122 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W596796122 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W596796122 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W596796122 title "Expanding the Membership of the Revolutionary Nation: Germaine de Staël’s Considerations on the French Revolution and Helen Maria Williams’s Letters from France" @default.
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