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- W5984185 abstract "Life is the interplay between structure, energy, and information. The human cell is the product of an ancient symbiosis between two co-equal microorganisms that subsequently became specialized: the nucleus-cytosol organism becoming specialized in defining structure and the mitochondrial organism becoming specialized in energy production. As a result, all of the mitochondrial genes for structure were transferred to the nuclear DNA (nDNA) resulting in genes with a Mendelian and quantized inheritance but a low mutation rate. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) retained only the core mitochondrial energy production genes which have a maternal and quantitative inheritance and a high mutation rate. The key factors in the environment for a species are the availability of calories and the demands made on the use of the acquired calories. Therefore, the main system by which ours or any mammalian species adapts to longer-term regional environmental differences is through mtDNA mutations that alter the efficiency of energy metabolism, while the main system by which individuals adapt to shorter-term reversible environmental changes is through epigenomic changes in the regulation of the expression of their nDNA-encoded bioenergetic genes. This epigenomic regulation is modulated through protein modifications made using mitochondrially generated high-energy intermediates. Hence, when calories are abundant, high-energy intermediates increase, epigenomic modifications of the histones precede, the chromatin relaxes, and increased gene expression permits cell growth and reproduction. When calories are limited, histones become unmodified, nDNA gene expression subsides, and growth and reproduction are suspended. From this energetic perspective, the pathophysiology and genetics of the common–complex diseases can be reinterpreted as the result of energetic and non-Mendelian changes. This altered perspective suggests a novel and coherent theory for the etiology and inheritance of human metabolic and degenerative disease, cancer, and aging." @default.
- W5984185 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W5984185 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W5984185 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W5984185 title "Bioenergetics and the Mitochondrial Genome" @default.
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- W5984185 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-378630-2.00291-7" @default.
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