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- W60074792 abstract "Atmospheric measurements by various observers indicate that the Antarctic Plateau is the best subrnillirneter-wave observatory site ever tested. AST/RO, a 1.7 m diameter telescope for astronomy and aeronomy studies at wavelengths between 200 and 2000 pm, was installed at the South Pole during the 1994-95 Austral summer, after some logistical difficulties were overcome. The instrument is now operational with four heterodyne receivers and three acousto-optical spectrometers. The optical design is Gregorian, offset in both azimuth and elevation, with the exit pupil at the chopping tertiary mirror: this arrangement provides for low switched-power offsets even when the beam is thrown several degrees. There is a Coude focus in a warm, spacious receiver room and also a Nasmyth focus with optical and mechanical properties similar to the KAO. Submillimeter-wavelength astronomy can be pursued only from extremely cold and dry sites, where the atmosphere contains less than 1 mm of precipitable water vapor. Water vapor is the dominant source of opacity at these wavelengths, although many other atmospheric molecules, both rare and common, also make contributions (1, 2). Measurements from the South Pole reported by Pajot et al. (3) and Dragovan et al. (4) indicate that the broad band atmospheric opacity in the 650gm window is typically Tzenith 0.2. Chamberlin and Bally (5, 6) measured the 225 Gliz opacity at the South Pole several times a day throughout 1992, using an NRAO tipping radiometer. These observations show that the A1.3mm sky opacity at the South Pole exceeds 0.1 only fifteen days a year, significantly better than Mauna Kea where this value is exceeded about half the time The atmospheric opacity at the South Pole changes only slowly, unlike Mauna Kea where diurnal effects are significant and the su.bmillim.eter-wave opacity may change significantly in less than an hour. AST/R0 is a 1.7-m diameter telescope at the South Pole (7). The immediate scientific goals of this instrument are heterodyne spectroscopy of galactic atomic and molecular clouds and molecular lines in the earth's stratosphere at wavelengths near 600/2m, but the telescope was designed to be a general-purpose instrument for the millimeter, submillimeter and far-infrared. The 1.7-m aperture yields a beamsize of 96(A/600iim), large enough to *Also associated with the Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica (CARA) Sixth International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology Page 151 SECONDARY Si MIRROR 4 FLAT ELEVATION AXIS t CHOPPER '(IMAGE OF" @default.
- W60074792 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W60074792 date "1995-03-01" @default.
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- W60074792 title "Installation of the Antarctic Sub-mm Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO)" @default.
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