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• W601989845 abstract "Weeds represent the main cause of economic losses in agriculture worldwide, both as crop yield reduction and control costs. Integrated Weed Management plays therefore a key role in order to achieve environmental, social and economic sustainability of crop production. Modeling of weed biological cycles may be an important component of IWM. Models able to predict weed emergence dynamics and weed-crop competition may provide useful indications about timing, type and economic convenience of control measures. The main objective of the research project presented in this Thesis is to develop a Decision-Support System (DSS), based on a weed emergence model (AlertInf) and its combination with a pre-existing bio-economic model (Gestinf), to improve weed post-emergence management in maize. This system was called Gestinf Plus. AlertInf was based on a commonly used approach for weed emergence models called Hydrothermal Time concept. According to this approach, weed emergence dynamics are estimated comparing soil microclimate conditions (soil temperature and water potential) with specific threshold values for weed seed germination (base temperature and water potential). These threshold values were estimated with laboratory experiments for some species (Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinocloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Setaria viridis, Sorghum halepense) considered as important weeds in maize fields of Veneto and Tuscany regions, Italy. Model parameterization for AlertInf was achieved for three weed species (A. theophrasti, C. album, S. halepense) using emergence data from several field trials carried out in different years and locations in Veneto region. Model validation was performed with other emergence data from independent field trials. AlertInf was then combined with Gestinf to obtain an innovative tool (Gestinf Plus) able to 1) predict the best moment for weed sampling and 2) evaluate economic convenience of several control measures. A common experiment was arranged in collaboration with Portuguese and Spanish scientists to assess transferability at European level of AlertInf. The common aim was to evaluate the effect of site of origin and site of cultivation on base temperature for local populations of A. theophrasti and Datura stramonium. Remarkable variability was found in the behavior of D. stramonium populations. This findings may hinder transferability of AlertInf model for this species. The influence of winter burial length on seed dormancy level was finally studied for A. theophrasti, S. viridis and S. halepense. A significant stimulating effect of winter chilling was identified on S. viridis and S. halepense germination and field emergence. Including seed dormancy dynamic may consequently represent an important improvement for weed emergence models, however further studies are required to obtain detailed information about specific behaviors for the main weeds." @default.
• W601989845 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W601989845 date "2011-01-31" @default.
• W601989845 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W601989845 title "Emergence modeling to improve integrated weed management" @default.
• W601989845 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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