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- W60398611 abstract "The acid character of precipitation in Washington State west of the Cascade mountains were studied. Four sites, two in Seattle, one 50 km east of Seattle and one near the Canadian border were chosen to measure wet deposition on regions of sensitive lakes, on farming and forest areas and to measure deposition in an area that could be affected by sources in both the United States and Canada. The parameters measured include: rain volume, pH and conductivity. The samples were analyzed for sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, arsenic, lead, zinc, cadmium, copper and phosphate. The precipitation in western Washington was found to be acidified (average pH 4.5 to 4.7 at different sites; minimum pH was 3.6), largely by sulfuric acid (65%) and to a lesser extent by nitric acid (35%). Industrial sulfur dioxide emissions are the probable source of sulfuric acid found in rain. Oxides of nitrogen, largely emitted by autos and trucks, are the probable source of nitric acid. Differences were found between summer and winter precipitation. The concentration of dissolved materials in precipitation was much higher in summer than in winter at all sites and there was much more precipitation per week in winter thanmore » in summer. This study was unable to identify any source or class of sources that cause acid deposition in Western Washington by chemical analysis for trace materials emitted by a specific source. Transport, conversion of emissions to sulfuric acid and wash-out of acid in rain were modeled. The model suggests that the major source of sulfuric acid in rain at our three southern sites is the ASARCO smelter. 35 references, 39 figures, 17 tables.« less" @default.
- W60398611 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W60398611 date "1983-07-29" @default.
- W60398611 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W60398611 title "Measurements of the chemical composition of western Washington rainwater, 1982-1983" @default.
- W60398611 hasPublicationYear "1983" @default.
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