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• W60412247 abstract "Boreal forest ecosystems constitute a globally important carbon (C) sink, due toaccumulation of complex organic matter, persistent to decomposition. Nitrogen (N) isimmobilized in these complex compounds and, thereby, unavailable to the plantcommunity. Fungal peroxidases (ClassII) are oxidative enzymes, predominantlystudied in white-rot wood decomposers and known to efficiently mineralize phenoliccomplexes, such as lignin, to CO2. Peroxidase activity is also commonly measured inforest soil, where typical white-rotters are absent and ectomycorrhizal fungipredominate. Peroxidase activity is known to increases under low inorganic Navailability. The aim of this study was to explore the ectomycorrhizal decomposerpotential in boreal forest ecosystems. The central hypothesis is that ectomycorrhizalfungi produce ClassII peroxidases to mobilize N, bound to phenolic complexes inboreal forest litter and humus.Genes coding for ClassII peroxidases were found to be widely spread amongectomycorrhizal taxa, particularly within the genus of Cortinarius. Gene transcriptionof peroxidases in forest humus could be linked directly to the species Cortinariussemisanguineus. In a field experiment, colorimetric enzyme assays showed a halving ofperoxidase activity in short-term response to N-amendment. In non-treated controlsamples, Cortinarius species and other rhizomorph forming ectomycorrhizal fungiwere co-localized with peroxidase activity hotspots. Ectomycorrhizal Cortinariusspecies may, thus, be key players in N-acquisition, from organic macromolecules, andcentral decomposers of complex organic matter in boreal forest ecosystems.Root-associated fungi, including ectomycorrhizal ones, were able to compete withfree-living saprotrophs for colonization of litter. However, they were less efficientdecomposers than specialized litter saprotrophs.It is concluded that some mycorrhizal fungi may release C while foraging for N.They may also indirectly act to preserve soil C by suppressing more efficientsaprotrophic decomposers. The findings highlight ectomycorrhizal fungi as centralregulators of C dynamics in boreal forests. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, thus, constitutesa direct link between above-ground photosynthesis and below-ground decomposition." @default.
• W60412247 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W60412247 creator A5076400053 @default.
• W60412247 date "2012-05-08" @default.
• W60412247 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W60412247 title "Functional ecology of ectomycorrhizal fungi" @default.
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