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• W60897236 abstract "The proper functioning of all nervous systems requires efficient communication among neurons. Neurotransmitters provide the fundamental basis for neural communication. Establishing the expression of the appropriate neurotransmitters in different populations of neurons is a critical challenge for neural development. This is a complicated process that involves multiple mechanisms, including intrinsic genetic coding, early neuronal activity and signal transduction cascades driven by neuronal targets. Embryonic Xenopus spinal neurons generate spontaneous transient elevations of intracellular calcium. Different classes of neurons exhibit this calcium spike activity in distinct patterns, and altering this activity modulates transmitter expression. However neurotransmitter expression is sensitive to this neuronal spike activity only during an early period of development. Both calcium spiking activity and the sensitivity of activity-dependent transmitter specification decrease and disappear as embryos mature. I showed that spinal transection causes neurons to resume calcium spike activity, and that enhancing this activity leads to increased expression of the inhibitory transmitter GABA. These results indicate a potential reopening of the sensitive period that exists earlier in development. Using a neuron-muscle co-culture system, I showed that muscle, as a neuronal target, plays important role in regulating transmitter expression. Muscle contact refines transmitter expression in cultured neurons by reducing the expression of non-cholinergic transmitters, GABA, glycine and glutamate, while leaving choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression unaltered. Trophic factors that are normally released at synapses and delivered retrogradely along axons appear to be sufficient to induce such changes. Further investigation revealed that muscle electrical activity is required for muscle-dependent suppression of non-cholinergic transmitter expression. In addition, muscle contact also suppresses neuronal spontaneous calcium activity and abolishes activity-dependent transmitter specification at early embryonic stages" @default.
• W60897236 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W60897236 date "2009-01-01" @default.
• W60897236 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W60897236 title "Neuronal class-specific patterns of calcium activity and target dependence of neurotransmitter expression in the developing spinal cord" @default.
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