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• W610416540 abstract "Temporality of Risk Factors and the Gender Differential Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis by Donna L. Sullivan MBA, Saint Louis University, 1993 MS, University of Minnesota, 1990 BA, University of Minnesota, 1982 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health, Epidemiology Walden University February 2015 Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute life-long neurodevelopmental conditions. Globally, ASD risk for males remains 2 to 4 times greater than for females. Critical exposure mechanisms, their timing on ASD risk, and associations with the ASD gender differential remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between preconception, pregnancy, recalled lactation practice, and infant traits, on ASD risk, and the gender differential of ASD. A recently published temporal framework was adapted to study effects of maternal smoking and vitamin use, and recalled lactation practice on offspring ASD diagnosis with adjustment for preconception health and infant breathing traits. A retrospective case-control analysis using 733 child data records from a U.S. autism registry that contained familial and nonfamilial controls characterized child gender-stratified relationships of 9 study variables. Logistic regression results showed prior maternal smoking, male gender, and maternal recollection of lactation practices were associated with significantly higher odds of offspring ASD diagnosis. Exposure factors associated with ASD did not differ significantly by child gender or maternal vitamin use. Infant respiratory distress at birth was a covariate and collinearly related to obstetric risks. Maternal smoking was antecedent to respiratory distress and lactation practice. Study limitations included incomplete responses without repeated measures for recalled lactation practice and maternal diet variables. Implications for positive social change include a better understanding of reproductive, preconception, and prenatal risk factors of ASD. The study results have implications for reproductive health, smoking cessation programs, family planning, and prenatal care for women of reproductive age.Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute life-long neurodevelopmental conditions. Globally, ASD risk for males remains 2 to 4 times greater than for females. Critical exposure mechanisms, their timing on ASD risk, and associations with the ASD gender differential remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between preconception, pregnancy, recalled lactation practice, and infant traits, on ASD risk, and the gender differential of ASD. A recently published temporal framework was adapted to study effects of maternal smoking and vitamin use, and recalled lactation practice on offspring ASD diagnosis with adjustment for preconception health and infant breathing traits. A retrospective case-control analysis using 733 child data records from a U.S. autism registry that contained familial and nonfamilial controls characterized child gender-stratified relationships of 9 study variables. Logistic regression results showed prior maternal smoking, male gender, and maternal recollection of lactation practices were associated with significantly higher odds of offspring ASD diagnosis. Exposure factors associated with ASD did not differ significantly by child gender or maternal vitamin use. Infant respiratory distress at birth was a covariate and collinearly related to obstetric risks. Maternal smoking was antecedent to respiratory distress and lactation practice. Study limitations included incomplete responses without repeated measures for recalled lactation practice and maternal diet variables. Implications for positive social change include a better understanding of reproductive, preconception, and prenatal risk factors of ASD. The study results have implications for reproductive health, smoking cessation programs, family planning, and prenatal care for women of reproductive age. Temporality of Risk Factors and the Gender Differential Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis by Donna L. Sullivan MBA, Saint Louis University, 1993 MS, University of Minnesota, 1990 BA, University of Minnesota, 1982 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Health, Epidemiology Walden University February 2015 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my son, Michael, and his father, Tom, for sacrificing family time and taking on additional responsibilities as I spent endless days, nights, and weekends studying and writing. I hope Michael has learned the level of commitment and sacrifice involved in higher education as he begins his own college journey. I would like to express gratitude and thanks to my committee chair, Dr. Angela Prehn, for her positive and encouraging feedback and for high standards of academic rigor. Dr. Prehn encouraged critical thinking and writing skills and challenged me to improve the logic arguments and writing flow. Thank you to Dr. Amany Refaat who provided guidance and direction and cautioned me about the unique challenges of using archival data. And I'd like to thank Dr. Jim Goes for improving the readability and writing quality of my dissertation. I gratefully acknowledge the resources provided by the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) Consortium and the participating AGRE families. The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange is a program of Autism Speaks and is supported, in part, by grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health to Clara M. Lajonchere (PI). Many people who touched my life 5 years ago as I started this quest to better understand autism. I had nexpected opportunities to share the joys, wonderment, heartaches, and frustrations of working with children who were the catalysts for my professional curiosity into the biological aspects of autism. I would like to thank them." @default.
• W610416540 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W610416540 creator A5089174043 @default.
• W610416540 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W610416540 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W610416540 title "Temporality of Risk Factors and the Gender Differential Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis" @default.
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