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- W617326185 abstract "This environmental assessment for the Supplemental Credit to the Second Health Sector Support Project, discusses the project's likely negative environmental impacts and proposes measures to mitigate them. The report identifies the at-risk segments of the population when medical waste management is faulty as patients and health professionals; other employees who come into contact with hospital waste; those private agencies charged with waste collection, transport, and disposal of unsegregated household trash; and groups--particularly women and children--who recover hospital objects for domestic uses. Exposure to infection from hazardous waste may arise from accidental wounds from needles and sharps, and children playing with infected materials, or from acute toxic reaction and infections from noxious odors, exposure, lack of protective clothing, lack of medical follow-up, etc. Three categories of potential infections are identified as viral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis A;, microbacterial infections such as tuberculosis, streptococcus, typhoid fever, etc.; and parasitic diseases such as dysentery and illnesses caused by intestinal worms. Another anticipated impact is the potential contamination of the food chain (ecosystem) by domesticated animals foraging for food in waste where the chemical contaminants have not been segregated out. Also air-borne dust can disseminate dangerous, pathogenic germs if stored improperly. The report proposes and examines the advantages and risks of employing various options for solid waste treatment and disposal, and recommends modern incineration at the hospital centers but prefers traditional incineration otherwise. Modern incineration will decontaminate waste 100 percent, reduce waste to ashes, which can be buried without the aid of a highly qualified technician, but as a result the smoke produced pollutes the air and it must be monitored regularly. Traditional incineration reduces waste volume considerably, does not require a qualified technician, and the investment and operation costs are low. On the other hand, this method greatly pollutes the air, and only destroys nearly 99 percent of microorganisms. To avoid human recovery and reuse of pre-sterilized waste residue from modern incineration, bury the residue within the enclosures of the health centers, and then at authorized sites that are uninhabited and non-agricultural." @default.
- W617326185 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W617326185 date "2002-03-01" @default.
- W617326185 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W617326185 title "Madagascar - Supplemental Credit to the Second Health Sector Support Project" @default.
- W617326185 hasPublicationYear "2002" @default.
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