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• W61909265 abstract "Recent years have seen a renewal of interest in the work of Zora Neale Hurston marked by the publication of Robert Hemenway's 1977 biography and the anthology I Love Myself When I Am Laughing. Articles by Lloyd W. Brown, S. Jay Walker and Mary Helen Washington discuss Hurston's best novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, in terms of its themes of feminism and black self-determination. (1) An area that remains virtually untapped in Hurston criticism is the intimate connection between these themes and the folkloric themes and motifs which Hurston has embedded in her novel. Critics have largely neglected or misunderstood Hurston's conscious use of traditional or materials in the novel. (2) Further, most readers find the ending of the novel dissonant and see it as weakening the work; while a recognition of the uses Hurston intended traditional materials will not thoroughly justify her authorial decisions, it can help to explain the apparent weakness of the ending and to show that the novel presents a rhetoric of authenticity--an implicit assertion that it represents real black life--introduced initially by the storytelling and reinforced by various techniques throughout the novel. It may be useful to delineate four aspects of the transformation of folk material into the body of the tale of Janie Crawford's journey through three marriages to a final position of self-realization. They are: Hurston's use of the storytelling frame of the story as well as of other conventions from oral tradition; her use of the language, metaphor and symbol of a specific rural community; her incorporation of certain kinds of gaming and other performances as incidents within the narrative; and her attempt to situate the narrative voice in a collective folk consciousness toward the end of the book. Folklore is, in fact, so thoroughly integrated into the fabric of the novel as to be inextricably bound to the themes of feminism and Black self-determination which Hurston is exploring. The value of the folk experience is itself as strong an assertion of the novel as the need of Blacks self-determination and the right of women to be autonomous. The story of Janie Crawford's journey to autonomy and spiritual liberation is told to her friend Pheoby in the form of a reminiscence when, as the book opens, Janie returns to her home after an absence of a year and a half and the recent death of her third husband, Tea Cake. Janie is the tale-teller and her telling of the story is a consciously artistic act, one in which she imposes order and meaning on the material of her life. The story Janie tells is an intimate communication between the two friends, with Janie depending on Pheoby for a good thought, that is, a sympathetic hearing, on the basis of their having been kissin' friends twenty years. (3) It is understood that Pheoby will later interpret Janie's story the curious and not entirely well-meaning townspeople in whom Janie disdains to confide. Janie had left the town with her younger husband over a year before and now, returning in overalls, she finds the townspeople ready to think she has been thrown over by her husband. Hurston presents Janie's story within a storytelling frame, but equally significant, as a story that is designed to be repeated. In folkloristic terms, Janie's story is a memorate or true experience narrative placed within a fictional framework but nonetheless privileging itself and asserting its own authenticity. The form of a folktale is in part determined by its replicability; it must be developed through a series of events that can be recalled and reconstructed by various tellers. Janie starts her story with events from her early life and traces her life journey through specific, clearly delineated events. For each situation and feeling state there is a symbol which is both commonplace and rich with meaning, such as Tea Cake's guitar and Janie's apron, headrag and overalls. …" @default.
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• W61909265 date "1985-03-22" @default.
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• W61909265 title "The Confluence of Folklore, Feminism and Black Self-Determination in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God" @default.
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