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- W619980043 abstract "In this chapter, the role of DNA methylation in the generation of human bladder cancer will be reviewed. As is known, there are several different kinds of bladder cancer including: papillary tumors, carcinoma in situ (CIS), invasive cancers and squamous cancers. Fortunately several tumor suppressor genes which are important in the genesis of these different diseases are now known. For example, there seems to be a gene on chromosome 9q which is probably involved in the genesis of papillary tumors and the p53 gene, as well as pi6, pi9 genes play important roles (see chapter by Reznikoff). Tumor suppressor genes have different penetrance in these different kinds of bladder cancers. For example, a p53 mutation in a papillary tumor is virtually never seen. The mechanisms by which tumor suppressors are inactivated are interesting and we are familiar with mutations, loss of heterozygosity and homozygous deletions as being major routes to their disablement. Presently, the concept of DNA methylation as being a new mechanism that people are realizing could play an important role in switching genes off in cancer development, will be discussed. The mechanisms by which a given suppressor is inactivated tends to vary depending upon that suppressor. For example, the p53 is very often disabled by point mutations whereas the p 16 and p 19 genes are rarely found to be mutated in bladder cancer. In most cases, the genes are completely missing and mutations seem to be a much more rare event. So, the type of disease, the tumor suppressor, and the mechanism for inactivation are important in understanding the molecular basis." @default.
- W619980043 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W619980043 date "1999-01-01" @default.
- W619980043 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W619980043 title "DNA Methylation in Development of Bladder Cancer" @default.
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- W619980043 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4737-2_32" @default.
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