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- W62089445 abstract "Middlebrow Literature and the Making of German-Jewish Identity. By Jonathan M. Hess. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010. 280 pp. 5 ills. $57.50 cloth.In the course of the nineteenth century, the opportunities afforded by emancipation and modernization subjected the coherence and consistency of traditional constructions of Jewish identity to multiple challenges. It is within the larger context of this process of the modernization of European Jewry that Jonathan Hess's Middlebrow Literature and the Making of German-Jewish Identity charts Jewish responses to the challenges of society in the shifting historical and cultural setting of nineteenth-century Germany. In critical conversation with ground-breaking work by eminent scholars of German-Jewish literature-such as Hans Otto Horch, Itta Shedletzky, George L. Mosse, and Jonathan Sorkin-this meticulously researched, original, and engagingly written study persuasively presents a new perspective on the social and cultural function of Jewish literary production in nineteenth-century Germany.Jewish participation in the rise of bourgeois culture demanded the negotiation of new cultural identities. The all-pervasive prominence of the concept of Bildung (education), corresponding to a rapidly expanding book market and the diffusion of reading culture via lending libraries, newspapers, journals, novels, plays, and serialized fiction, prompted the creation of a specifically Jewish literature in German. It found its voice among other print media especially in periodicals, the most prominent of which was the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums. Launched in 1837 by the liberal rabbi and moderate reformer Ludwig Philippson in Magdeburg with a clearly defined agenda of creating modern Jewish belles lettres (Hess 27), it was later rivaled by projects such as the orthodox periodicals Jeschurun, established in 1854 and edited by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch in Frankfurt am Main, and Der Israelit, founded by Rabbi Marcus Lehmann in Mainz in 1860.These projects challenged the literary vision promoted by Philippson and his brother Phobus, whose serialized novella, Die Marannen (1837), is discussed at length in the first chapter of Hess's monograph as the archetypal example of the attempt to re-create through the experience of Sephardic Jews in Golden Age Spain a usable past for German Jews in historical fiction. Die Marannen aimed to provide a model of cultural, philosophical and aesthetic aspirations, while simultaneously foregoing any wistful retrospective sympathy for the marranos, by showing how the present in Germany surpassed the idealized lost paradise in Spain. Hess reads this novella, and similar texts, as articulations of cultural memory and, no less importantly, as conduits for new forms of Jewish historical consciousness which negotiated between popular and high culture in order to advance enlightenment and modernization.The orthodox approach, as discussed by Hess in the fourth and last chapter of his study, proposed a very different model, one that was dedicated to the creative appropriation of mainstream secular literature in the endeavor of ensuring a harmonious balance between culture and a self-consciously orthodox Judaism. These texts, frequently written by rabbis, sought to create and sustain a vision of orthodoxy as tied to German culture and notions of modernity. By redirecting the allegiances of their readers in tales of contemporary life to orthodox virtues they maintained, in opposition to reformist tendencies, continuity with orthodox Jewish tradition.Common to both approaches was the use of middlebrow literature by Jews to actively and self-consciously negotiate multiple identities and allegiances in nineteenth-century Germany while fulfilling in various ways, and with different forms of Judaism in mind, the cultural function of (re)affirming the commitment to Judaism. The same strategies are traced by Hess also in the second and third chapters of his monograph in other genres, the ghetto tale and romance fiction, respectively. …" @default.
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- W62089445 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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- W62089445 title "Middlebrow Literature and the Making of German-Jewish Identity" @default.
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