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- W622883977 abstract "The excavation and bracing of cuts with depth of less than 20 feet merely require close adhesion to existing empirical rules. The earth pressure against the bracing of such cuts is a factor of secondary importance, because it is more economical to use one of the standard systems of bracing at the price of some excess material than to adapt the bracing to local soil conditions. On the other hand, the bracing of deep and wide cuts accounts for a considerable part of the total cost. Furthermore, substantial savings can often be realized by various departures from the standard methods of bracing, such as providing for a large unobstructed working space between the bottom of the cut and the lowest row of struts. In order to comply with the requirements of both safety and economy, it is necessary to make a thorough soil survey and to prepare the plans on the basis of the results of earth-pressure computations. Experience has shown that the magnitude of the total earth pressure against the bracing of cuts in sands and soft to medium saturated clays can be computed reliably on the basis of earth-pressure theories, providing the cut is not underlain by a deep deposit of clay with a metastable structure in which the maximum shear strength is exceeded as a result of the excavating operations. On the other hand, the distribution of load among struts arranged vertically cannot be predicted by earth-pressure theory. The loads for which the struts should be designed may be computed by the methods described under the preceding subheading. The application of theory or of similar procedures to the design of bracing systems for cuts in other types of soil should be carried out with caution until the reliability of the results is demonstrated by field measurements." @default.
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- W622883977 date "1972-08-01" @default.
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- W622883977 title "BRACED CUTS IN SAND AND CLAY" @default.
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