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- W623422818 endingPage "129" @default.
- W623422818 startingPage "59" @default.
- W623422818 abstract "This chapter gives an overview on current topics on neuroendocrine immunology (NEI) relevant to chronic inflammatory systemic diseases. It discusses genetic prerequisites in the NEI field, and it explains inadequate secretion of endogenous glucocorticoids in relation to inflammation. Low-dose glucocorticoids play a role as adrenal gland substitution therapy. This chapter delineates the recent findings on mitochondrial abnormalities in adrenocortical cells of chronically inflamed animals. It also discusses the women-to-men preponderance in chronic inflammatory systemic diseases and the central role of estrogens and androgens. It depicts the loss of adrenal/gonadal androgen production, and it describes the excessive conversion of anti-inflammatory androgens to downstream proinflammatory estrogens in inflamed tissue. It describes the proinflammatory role of corticotropin-releasing hormone, prolactin, melatonin, thyroid hormones, insulin, and angiotensin II. It shortly touches on the role of proinflammatory adipokines. In the second part of the chapter, neurogenic pathways are described that are proinflammatory (substance P and noradrenaline via α-adrenergic receptors) or anti- inflammatory (β-adrenergic receptor, opioidergic receptors, nicotinergic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and vasoactive intestinal peptide). Finally, concepts are discussed that introduce the β- to α-adrenergic shift in an inflamed tissue (a consequence of sympathetic nerve fiber loss), locally appearing neurotransmitter-producing cells, and proinflammatory sensory hyperinnervation." @default.
- W623422818 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W623422818 creator A5039184689 @default.
- W623422818 date "2015-01-01" @default.
- W623422818 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W623422818 title "Pathogenesis and Neuroendocrine Immunology" @default.
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