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• W624496333 abstract "Introduction Citius, altius, fortius (Faster, higher, stronger): to what extent does the otto of the Olympics relate to Torino 2006? Has the XXth edition of the Winter Olympic Games (OWG) continued the positive trend whereby each edition, with only a few exceptions, surpasses the one before? In which areas have there been improvements, if any? To what extent have the targets set by the bid promoters and the organizers been achieved, or missed? Finally, on what foundations and from which perspectives have Turin and its Olympic surrounding valleys managed to plan, and how are they preparing to make the most of the heritage of the Games, which is now the main reason that drives a city (and a country) to bear the expensive challenge of their organization? In this essay we will attempt to respond to these questions primarily from an economic point of view, in the knowledge that more complete answers will come at a later stage. What Kind of Olympics Were the Torino 2006 Winter Games? Organizational Aspects and Their Perceived Qualities Let us start with some general information (Table 1), by comparing Torino 2006 to the seven previous editions of the OWG. (1) As we can see, many statistics for Torino 2006 show an increase compared to previous editions: the number of events, the number of national Olympic teams, the number of athletes, and the number of media operators all increased compared to the previous Games, and more than doubled compared to Lake Placid in 1980.2 The increase in media coverage of the Turin Games was even greater; more than 200 countries were represented, guaranteeing coverage that rivalled that of the more recent editions of the Summer Olympics. Indeed, it was more than four times greater than the coverage of the Games in Lake Placid 1980. Unchanged, however, are the duration (sixteen days--except for Salt Lake, staging their Games for seventeen days) and the number of sports (still seven). In the Region of Piedmont, however, in two cases the figures, compared to Salt Lake City, show a reduction (although moderate). This is the case for spectators (although the figure is not yet official)--approximately 1.5 million. There were 100,000 more at Salt Lake City 2002. It is also the case for volunteers (20,000, compared to 22,000 at Salt Lake City 2002, and 32,579 at Nagano 1998). In both cases, the reduction, while not an automatic indication of failure, may nevertheless show that something about the organization was less than optimal. For spectators at Torino's various Olympic venues, attendance, especially by Italians, and for certain sports, was lower than forecast, due not only to the delay by the Italian media in announcing and publicizing Torino 2006 (we will return to this subject later), but also to certain errors in ticketing procedures. For example, tickets sold online, which were not available for a long time, appeared as available just before the event. And finally, the high cost of admission, which discouraged spectators with lower incomes, was somewhat counterbalanced by the last minute sale of tickets at highly discounted prices. Approximately 900,000 tickets were sold in all, or 90% of those available. The reduction of 21,000 in the number of volunteers compared to the previous two editions, and also compared to the TOROC forecasts (Torino Olympic Games Organizing Committee), did not reveal obvious malfunctions in the hospitality machine at Torino 2006, thanks to the dedication of the staff who helped to organize the event by providing services that fully reflected the expected quality standards, although at the expense of personal stress. Staff was also recruited from a lower number of applicants than expected (61% of applications were accepted, compared to the 32% for Salt Lake City 2002). But, in Sydney 2000, for example, recruitment was even less selective, with an acceptance rate of 72%), with low involvement (15%) of people from regions other than the Piedmont (the presence of non-Italian citizens, however, was high, 18%). …" @default.
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• W624496333 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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• W624496333 title "Torino 2006: What Kind of Olympic Winter Games Were They? A Preliminary Account from an Organizational and Economic Perspective" @default.
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