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- W625641375 abstract "This paper investigates the evolving inter-relationship between the PKK and Kurdish Drug Networks (KDNs). To understand the nature of the interaction between these differently motivated organizations, the investigators examined the documented statements of drug investigators, PKK operatives and convicted drug criminals. The PKK-KDN interaction was selected as a case study because it provides important insights into much the broader and highly controversial issue concerning the relationship between criminal and terrorist organizations. The research presented here suggests that the PKK initially developed ad hoc cooperation with various KDNs. From the start, however, such cooperation was asymmetric and involved a high degree of coercion by the PKK. Moreover, the cooperation never scaled up to the point of convergence or amalgamation. On the contrary, after the PKK gained substantial experience in the drug business PKK-KDN relations were increasingly characterized by competition. The PKK created extensive sub-structures to run its drug business and then sought to monopolize the whole cycle of the drug trade. As a result the PKK and KDNs became engulfed in fierce turf battles. In other words, the PKK-KDN case exhibited dynamics very different from the popular worstcase scenarios in which criminal and terrorist networks find common cause, augment their capacity for harm through the development of synergistic relationships, and create an unholy alliance or even an amalgamation of different networks. The relationships described in this analysis were coercive and exploitive rather than willing and reciprocal. Moreover, they increasingly became hostile and violent. 1 Dr. Ekici is a Superindent at Central Narcotics Division of the Department of Anti-Smuggling and Organized Crime (KOM) 2 Dr. Williams is Wesley W. Professor of International Security and Director of the Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies at the University of Pittsburgh 3 Dr. Akbulut is a Superintendent at the Turkish National Police (TNP)" @default.
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- W625641375 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W625641375 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W625641375 title "The PKK and Kurdish Drug Networks: Cooperation, Convergence or Conflict" @default.
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