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• W626071673 abstract "In 1979, spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters were found in closed colony (CHA), maintained at the Department of Biology, Asahikawa Medical College. By now, diabetes mellitus has occurred at a frequency of 4.1% in CHA. Recently one diabetic subline (CHAD) that has greater than 90% incidence of glycosuria and two non-diabetic sublines (A and B) that are essen-tially free of glycosuria have been established by brother-sister mating.Incidence of diabetes is not different in male and female in CHA and CHAD. In spite of severe hyperglycemia (over 400 mg/dl) and ketonuria, diabetic Chinese hamsters generally survive more than 12 months from the birth, without insulin injection.In diabetic CHA and CHAD, plasma and pancreatic insulin decreased and plasma and pancreatic glucagon increased in proportion to the level of hyperglycemia.These results agree with the histological findings of decreased B-cells and increased A-cells in islets of pancreas from diabetic Chinese hamsters.Pathogenesis of diabetes in this animal is still unknown. In CHA, insulitis was found in 39% of animals with FPG levels 120 to 200 mg/dl. But in CHAD, insulitis was not observed before and after the onset of diabetes. On the other hand, islet cell surface antibody (ICSA) was demonstrated in animals of CHAD prior to the onset of diabetes. So classification of diabetes, Type I or II is still not clear in this animal model of diabetes.Biochemical aspects: Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipids, and lipoperoxide levels increased in diabetic CHA, in proportion to the level of hyperglycemia. Hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes (G-6-P, Fl, 6-DP, PEPCK) increased, and glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, pyruvatekinase) decreased in diabetic CHA and CHAD.Insulin receptors on hepatocytes of diabetic CHA were studied. Insulin binding in diabetic animals increased mainly due to an increase in the number of receptors. And binding affinity of diabetic animals was similar to that of control animals. A significant inverse correlation between insulin binding and the plasma insulin concentration was observed in these animals.Complications: In diabetic CHA and CHAD, kidney and glomerular volume increased from the onset of diabetes. In quantitative study, age related thickening of glomerular basement membrane was observed both in animals of strain B and CHAD. And significant increase of glomerular basement membrane thickness was observed in animals of CHAD over 8 months of age, compared with age-matched control. But nodular sclerosis or exudative lesion was rarely found even in old diabetic hamsters.On the other hand, urinary protein excretion was significantly increased in diabetic CHAD of 4 and 8 months of age, compared with age-matched control animals. And the number of anionic sites on glomerular basement membrane, stained with cationic polyethyleneimine, was reduced in the same animals. These results suggest that a reduction of electrical property of glomerular basement membrane induces increased permeability of proteins in diabetic Chinese hamsters.Hydronephrosis with enlarged urinary bladder was commonly observed in diabetic CHA and CHAD. Acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced in the nerves and on smooth muscle fibers in the urinary bladder of diabetic CHAD. It may suggest that pathological changes in pelvic nerves may underlie urinary bladder dysfunction in diabetic Chinese hamsters.Glucose, sorbitol, and fructose levels were significantly increased, and inositol level was significantly reduced in sciatic nerve, lens, and retina of diabetic CHA. These changes of polyol metabolism may cause a pathophysiological changes in nerve and retina of diabetic Chinese hamsters. Another biochemical and morphological changes in bone and heart of diabetic Chinese hamsters were also reported.In conclusion, diabetic Chinese hamster in CHA and CHAD is a model of insulin deficient diabetes" @default.
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• W626071673 date "1989-01-01" @default.
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• W626071673 title "The Characteristics of Spontaneously Diabetic Chinese Hamsters in Asahikawa Colony" @default.
• W626071673 doi "https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim1985.5.42" @default.
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