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• W626207920 abstract "This thesis describes some of the problems in providing care for patients with breast cancer. These arethen used to motivate the development of an extension to an existing theory of argumentation, which Icall the Ontology-based Argumentation Formalism (OAF). The work is assessed in both theoretical andempirical ways.From a clinical perspective, there is a problem with the provision of care. Numerous reports havenoted the failure to provide uniformly high quality care, as well as the number of deaths caused bymedical care. The medical profession has responded in various ways, but one of these has been thedevelopment of Decision Support Systems (DSS). The evidence for the effectiveness of such systems ismixed, and the technical basis of such systems remains open to debate. However, one basis that has beenused is argumentation.An important aspect of clinical practice is the use of the evidence from clinical trials, but these trialsare based on the results in defined groups of patients. Thus when we use the results of clinical trials toreason about treatments, there are two forms of information we are interested in - the evidence fromtrials and the relationships between groups of patients and treatments. The relational information can becaptured in an ontology about the groups of patients and treatments, and the information from the trialscaptured as a set of defeasible rules.OAF is an extension of an existing argumentation system, and provides the basis for anargumentation-based Knowledge Representation system which could serve as the basis for future DSS.In OAF, the ontology provides a repository of facts, both asserted and inferred on the basis of formulaein the ontology, as well as defining the language of the defeasible rules. The defeasible rules are usedin a process of defeasible reasoning, where monotonic consistent chains of reasoning are used to drawplausible conclusions. This defeasible reasoning is used to generate arguments and counter-arguments.Conflict between arguments is defined in terms of inconsistent formulae in the ontology, and by usingexisting proposals for ontology languages we are able to make use of existing proposals and technologiesfor ontological reasoning.There are three substantial areas of novel work: I develop an extension to an existing argumentationformalism, and prove some simple properties of the formalism. I also provide a novel formalism of thepractical syllogism and related hypothetical reasoning, and compare my approach to two other proposalsin the literature. I conclude with a substantial case study based on a breast cancer guideline, and in orderto do so I describe a methodology for comparing formal and informal arguments, and use the results of this to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of OAF. In order to develop the case study, I provide aprototype implementation. The prototype uses a novel incremental algorithm to construct arguments andI give soundness, completeness and time-complexity results. The final chapter of the thesis discussessome general lessons from the development of OAF and gives ideas for future work." @default.
• W626207920 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W626207920 creator A5062676883 @default.
• W626207920 date "2009-04-01" @default.
• W626207920 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W626207920 title "Integrating ontologies and argumentation for decision-making in breast cancer" @default.
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• W626207920 hasPublicationYear "2009" @default.
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