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• W626839794 abstract "After 30 years of sharp decline from 1945 to 1975, public transportation in the United States has succeeded at improving the quality of it service and stabilizing ridership levels over the past two decades. This paper examines recent trends in public transportation supply and demand in American cities, focussing on the period of recovery from 1975 to 1980 and the period of stabilization from 1980 to 1992. The reason for public transportation's recovery lies almost entirely in policy shifts--in particular, the large increase in subsidies between 1970 and 1980. By contrast, subsidies and ridership have remained roughly constant since 1980. The most recent federal transportation law (1991) provides the potential for a massive new infusion of subsidy funds into public transportation, but budget cutbacks at every government level are preventing full financing of the approved transportation programs. It remains questionable whether the authorized subsidy increases will actually materialize and give the public transportation industry in the USA the boost it needs for further growth. Subsidy increases and service expansion alone cannot solve the main problem of public transportation at any rate. In spite of its recovery since 1975, public transportation in the United States has been serving a declining percentage of total travel. Its modal-split share of total passenger trips in metropolitan areas fell from 5% in 1975 to only 3% in 1990, and that share continues to fall as auto use grows while public transportation ridership remains roughly constant. The key problem for public transportation is the underpricing of auto ownership and use in the United States, which makes auto use almost irresistible and greatly diminishes the demand for public transportation. Until auto users are required to pay the full social, environmental, and economic costs of the automobile, public transportation ridership will not increase significantly. Even large increases in public transportation subsidies will not suffice to shift travel from the automobile to public transportation. As in recent years, supply expansion alone will probably produce disappointingly small increases in passenger levels. Unfortunately, there are intense political pressures in the United States to keep the cost of auto use low, and that is the biggest obstacle to public transportation's success. Even small increases in the gasoline tax are vigorously opposed by the vast majority of Americans and almost all legislators responsible for shaping transportation policy. Thus, the fate of public transportation in the United States lies largely outside the control of public transportation systems. It seems unlikely that politicians will be willing to make the crucial policy change that would raise the cost of auto use and thereby increase public transportation demand. Only a major social and environmental crisis would make the necessary sacrifices by auto users seem acceptable and thus politically feasible." @default.
• W626839794 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W626839794 date "1993-10-01" @default.
• W626839794 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W626839794 title "PATH TO BALANCED TRANSPORTATION: EXPAND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES AND REQUIRE AUTO USERS TO PAY THE FULL SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS OF DRIVING" @default.
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