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• W63052025 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION The patent system is designed to stimulate progress in [s]cience and useful [a]rts.1 The Supreme Court explicitly stated that patent monopoly [is] . . . a reward, an inducement, to bring forth new knowledge.2 The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit explained that [t]he reason for the patent system is to encourage innovation and its fruits: new jobs and new industries, new consumer goods and trade benefits.3 Patents are monopolies granted to inventors that enable them to make, use, sell or offer to sell their inventions to the exclusion of all others for a limited amount of time. Although the patent system may act as an incentive for innovators to advance the progress of science, it does not follow that individual patents always contribute to that progress. This Comment argues that in order to fulfill its constitutional mandate to promote progress in science, the patent law should reflect the important contributions to technological progress made by academic and other non-profit research. This Comment seeks to accomplish this goal by broadening and altering the application of two distinct doctrines that have virtually identical names. What this Comment will refer to as inventor experimental use provides a safe haven for inventors to experiment with their inventions without fear of forfeiting their patent rights. This Comment will refer to the other experimental use doctrine as thirdparty experimental use. This doctrine permits third parties to experiment with the patented inventions of others without infringing those patents. Each of these similarly-named legal tools should be applied more rationally in order to better represent the way scientific research operates today. In basic science, many researchers publish their newest achievements in scientific publications, not in the patent literature. This is because a patent in the basic sciences is not written for a scientific audience.4 Rather, because judges and juries have the power to determine the validity of the patent and whether it has been infringed, patents are written for them.5 Moreover, the arcane language found in patent claims is often more confusing than elucidating.6 Inventors in research institutions are usually professors, post-doctoral researchers, and graduate students. Their patent applications are reviewed by patent examiners whose training and expertise are often not as sophisticated.7 By contrast, peer reviewed publications are examined by scientists with sophistication and knowledge comparable to the inventors.8 In addition, there can be a significant time lag between the time a patent is filed and when it is issued. This time lag is substantially longer than a delay for a scientific publication. For instance, a biotech patent often takes more than three years from filing to issuance.9 In comparison, a typical research report for the journal Science is published within five months of submission.10 Although university researchers sometimes publish their results in the patent literature, their primary vehicle for disseminating information is through the many available academic journals. Nevertheless, patents are potentially more commercially lucrative than scientific publications because they grant the user a legal monopoly. For this reason, there has been an explosion in recent years in the number of patents issued to universities.11 This number is still small in comparison to the number of non-patent university publications, but the trend towards patenting inventions is accelerating. Because universities and other non-profit organizations disseminate knowledge in different forums and generally for different reasons, the patent law should reflect those differences in order to ensure that these institutions will continue to serve the public good in their research.12 This Comment argues that scientists and engineers are better suited than judges and juries to evaluate the best way to introduce their inventions into the marketplace. …" @default.
• W63052025 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W63052025 date "1997-01-01" @default.
• W63052025 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W63052025 title "Experimental Uses, Patents, and Scientific Progress" @default.
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