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• W63171463 abstract "Human insecurity dominates today's headlines: ongoing conflicts in Palestine and Cote d'Ivoire; international terrorism and criminal networks; HIV/AIDS pandemic; growing economic inequalities; and apparent diminishing relevance of multilateralism. Perhaps starkest example of tension between rhetorical commitment to human security and imperatives of state security is military action in Iraq. Is it possible during this time of escalating tensions and international animosities to wholeheartedly embrace a fundamental reorientation in our thinking about security? Over last decade, debate about broadening conceptualization of security has been ongoing at United Nations (1) and among many governments, prominent individuals, international commissions, (2) scholars, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). (3) In 2000, some 180 states endorsed Millennium Declaration's goal of attaining freedom from fear and freedom from want for all people, capturing normative shift in security discourse. How can this commitment and these ideals be brought to bear on severe and multiple crises affecting people in twenty-first century? One answer comes from Commission on Human Security in its publication of Human Security Now in May 2003. (4) Work has focused on six broad interrelated areas of conflict and poverty: protection of people in violent conflict, on move, and in postconflict situations; and measures to overcome economic insecurity, improve health and health services, and impart knowledge and skills. To facilitate its work, commission organized regional consultations and hearings to solicit views of concerned individuals and grassroot organizations. (5) The commission's treatment of human security is suggestive rather than comprehensive; it serves as a catalyst for further thinking and practical applications. It is now incumbent upon governments, international organizations, scholars, and practitioners to move beyond commission's conceptual steps and recommendations. A Conceptual Shift The new security discourse has enveloped idea that security of people needs to be placed ahead of other security concerns. (6) The Commission on Human Security embraced this movement beyond traditional state-centric view of security. It defines human security as vital core of all human lives in ways that enhance human and human fulfillment. This means protecting vital freedoms--fundamental to human existence and development. Human security means protecting people from severe and pervasive threats, both natural and societal, and empowering individuals and communities to develop capabilities for making informed choices and acting on their own behalf. Vital freedoms refer to inalienable fundamental rights and that are laid down in Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments. They also encompass their practical realization. Efforts have been made to identify and categorize threats confronting people under varying conditions in different parts of world. Skeptics view such typologies as unhelpful and have raised questions about value of human security. (7) The commission argues that emphasis of these lists should not be on threats and defensive measures deemed necessary to guard against such threats, but rather on creative and integrative effort to prevent these threats from emerging, or to decrease their negative impact when they do by fulfilling all aspects of people's vital freedoms. Strategies, Protection, and Empowerment Human security expands and reinforces, in Amartya Sen's words, the real that people enjoy. (8) People protected can exercise choices, and people empowered help prevent and mitigate impact of insecurities and devise improvements in protection infrastructure. …" @default.
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• W63171463 date "2003-07-28" @default.
• W63171463 modified "2023-10-05" @default.
• W63171463 title "Human Security—Protecting and Empowering the People" @default.
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• W63171463 doi "https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-00903002" @default.
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