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- W633719924 abstract "Contact-less smart cards have been identified as an excellent technical added value in mass transit, especially in the area of fare collection and traffic management. These cards use a contact-less interface to provide power to the card, and for data transfer. These are accomplished using inductive techniques for power and capacitative techniques for data reading. The potential for high usage of the contact-less cards stems from the following advantages: (1) Lower infrastructure cost: since contact-less readers have no moving parts, they are more simple to design and manufacture, and less expensive and robust than contact cards; (2) Longer life: unlike contact smart cards, contact-less cards are not susceptible to damage from chemical corrosion, humidity or abrasion. Their life expectancy, therefore, is longer than that of contact smart cards. As a result, the card has emerged as a future technology for the integration of fare collection, third party billing, increased cash-collection security, reduced fraud and fare evasion. The contact-less approach will significantly increase effectiveness by allowing the overall transit system to operate on-line and off-line. The paper discusses pertinent characteristics, technological requirements and prospects of contact-less smart cards in mass transit applications. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 882109." @default.
- W633719924 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W633719924 date "1995-01-01" @default.
- W633719924 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W633719924 title "CONTACT-LESS SMART CARDS APPLICATIONS IN MASS TRANSIT" @default.
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