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• W63841946 abstract "As could be expected, there was no systemic respect for the individual in the legal system of the Soviet Union, which had occupied independent Lithuania during World War II. That was reflected in the statutes Lithuania inherited upon re-establishing its independence in 1990, but it was also reflected in what might be termed a subconscious and ingrained approach. Thus it can come as little surprise that Lithuania’s statutes, principally its Criminal Procedure code, treated both arrest and the setting of bail in ways which we would condemn as violative of human rights. The institute of arrest was basically understood as just another investigative-interogative technique. And there were no real criteria in regard to the denial of bail; a person could be ordered to be incarcerated until his or her trial even if there were no probable cause that he or she might flee or commit a crime unless incarcerated. The article showed that this situation violated the European Convention of Human Rights, which Lithuania had signed in 1995. The article attempted to dissect the criteria needed in order to make a lawful arrest and in order to deny bail, and it tried to do so in a manner which would help the Lithuanian reader re-program him- or her- self, that is, which would give the Lithuanian reader a true and ‘essential,’ as it were, understanding of the ‘institutes’ (as the Europeans call them) of arrest and of the denial of bail (incarceration until trial). In 2001, Lithuania adopted a new code of criminal procedure. Therefore the references in the paper to the old code are outdated. But the problem continues. Law enforcement and judges in Lithuania routinely order persons to be arrested and to be incarcerated pre-trial (denying them bail) in order to elicit confessions. This is asserted in the latest issue of Lietuvos Advokatura [“Lithuania’s Bar”] (2009 no. 2 (31)) in an article written by one of its editors, Kestutis Lipeika, who is the name attorney in one of Lithuania’s largest law firms. The article, entitled ‘Problema: Suemimo taikymo pagristumas’ [Problem: Justification of Pretrial Incarceration] describes the situation as one in which the ‘justification for incarceration is given only formally’ and proposes that a provision be adopted in the code which would require that the information contained in the casefile justify the order of incarceration, which, we are to understand, is not the present practice. Perhaps more importantly, the Lipeika article points out that … orders, given by a judge, to arrest and incarcerate a person pending trial are not subject to cassational appeal and therefore are not subject to review by the Supreme Court of Lithuania. It is incredible to me that a code adopted by a nation which is now in the European Union could contain such a provision. Freedom from unlawful arrest is a cardinal freedom, and yet the code provides that it is unreviewable by the nation’s highest court. I suppose I should be happy that the point in made in my own article is abundantly proven. I would rather have been proven wrong. In short, my ten year old article appears to remain on point." @default.
• W63841946 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W63841946 date "2004-12-01" @default.
• W63841946 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W63841946 title "Arrest and Pre-Trial Incarceration Under Lithuanian Law and the European Human Rights Convention" @default.
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