FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W63886226> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W63886226 abstract "Attentional Biases in Artificial Noun Learning Tasks: Generalizations Across the Structure of Already-Learned Nouns Larissa K. Samuelson (samuelso@indiana.edu) Department of Psychology and Program in Cognitive Science Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405 Abstract Even though learning noun meanings in a first language should be a difficult task young children learn nouns quickly and often with little effort. Previous research suggests that the task of learning words in made easier by constraints or biases that reduce the problem of finding the correct word-referent mapping to a solvable size. The research presented here examines the relation between the attentional biases young children demonstrate in laboratory noun learning tasks and the pattern of word learning seen outside the laboratory. The comparison suggests that attentional biases in laboratory noun learning tasks are a generalization across the nouns young children have already learned. Further, changing the nouns young children know changes not only the attentional biases they demonstrate in the laboratory, but also their vocabulary development outside the laboratory. Introduction Young children typically say their first word at 1-year-of- age. However, conservative estimates suggest that by 5- years-of-age children have as many as 10,000 words in their productive vocabulary. How do children learn so many words so fast? One suggestion is that the task of learning words is made easier by biases or constraints which reduce the problem of finding the correct word-referent mapping to a solvable size (e.g. Landau, Smith, & Jones, 1988; Markman, 1992; Soja, Carey, & Spelke, 1991). There is strong experimental evidence for the existence of a number of these word learning biases. The research presented here concentrates on two: the shape bias for learning names of solid objects and the material bias for learning names of non solid substances. Evidence for these two attentional biases comes from artificial noun learning experiments. In these experiments, a young child is presented with a novel object. This exemplar object is then named, i.e. “this is a dax”. The child is then presented with novel test objects that match the exemplar in one perceptual dimension, for example in shape only, color only, or material only. The child is then asked which of these test objects can be called by the same name as the exemplar. Numerous studies have shown that when the exemplar object is made of a solid, rigid material such as wood or hardened clay, children 24-months-of-age and older generalize novel names to other objects that match the exemplar in shape. This “shape-bias” has been demonstrated in numerous laboratories, with stimuli ranging from real, 3-dimensional objects specially constructed for the experiment (Imai & Gentner, 1997; Landau, et al., 1988), to pictures of familiar objects (Imai, Gentner, & Uchida, 1994). However, when the exemplar object is made from a non solid substance such as hair gel or face cream, children generalize the novel name to test objects made from the same material as the exemplar (Dickinson, 1988; Soja, 1992; Soja, et al., 1991). This “material-bias” has also been demonstrated in numerous studies and laboratories, however this bias does not appear to be robust until after 30-months-of-age (Samuelson & Smith, 1999). In a series of recent studies, I have examined the relation between these attentional biases, demonstrated in laboratory tasks, and the pattern of noun vocabulary growth seen outside the laboratory (Samuelson & Smith, 1999). These experiments suggest that the attentional biases seen in laboratory word learning tasks may be generalizations across the category structure of already learned nouns. This paper reviews these findings and the suggested hypothesis. Two experiments testing this hypothesis are then presented. The results show that changing the nouns young children know changes the development of attentional biases seen in laboratory word learning tasks, and that this change further alters the trajectory of vocabulary development outside the laboratory Attentional Biases and the Nouns Children Know If the shape and material biases are to help children learn nouns, then these biases need to match the kinds of nouns that young children learn early. That is, if the shape bias helps children learn names for solid objects by directing their attention to with-in category similarity in shape, then many" @default.
• W63886226 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W63886226 creator A5046599831 @default.
• W63886226 date "2000-01-01" @default.
• W63886226 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W63886226 title "Attentional Biases in Artificial Noun Learning Tasks: Generalizations Across the Structure of Already-Learned Nouns" @default.
• W63886226 cites W1982374456 @default.
• W63886226 cites W1993819511 @default.
• W63886226 cites W2082429824 @default.
• W63886226 cites W2099375966 @default.
• W63886226 cites W2148283460 @default.
• W63886226 cites W2159628279 @default.
• W63886226 cites W2997028263 @default.
• W63886226 hasPublicationYear "2000" @default.
• W63886226 type Work @default.
• W63886226 sameAs 63886226 @default.
• W63886226 citedByCount "1" @default.
• W63886226 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W63886226 hasAuthorship W63886226A5046599831 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C121934690 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C134306372 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C145420912 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C154945302 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C15744967 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C177148314 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C180747234 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C187736073 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C2777096784 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C2777601683 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C2780451532 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C33923547 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C41895202 @default.
• W63886226 hasConcept C74672266 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C121934690 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C134306372 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C138885662 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C145420912 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C154945302 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C15744967 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C162324750 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C177148314 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C180747234 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C187736073 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C2777096784 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C2777601683 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C2780451532 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C33923547 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C41008148 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C41895202 @default.
• W63886226 hasConceptScore W63886226C74672266 @default.
• W63886226 hasIssue "22" @default.
• W63886226 hasLocation W638862261 @default.
• W63886226 hasOpenAccess W63886226 @default.
• W63886226 hasPrimaryLocation W638862261 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2033068512 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2055616659 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2060194079 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2078787448 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2295667662 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2748027738 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2799839057 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2890729338 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2923749282 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2948026408 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2950582775 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W2969222108 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W3005300799 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W3022208922 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W3152003911 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W3192452456 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W3199139428 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W3201481672 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W53236192 @default.
• W63886226 hasRelatedWork W76692423 @default.
• W63886226 hasVolume "22" @default.
• W63886226 isParatext "false" @default.
• W63886226 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W63886226 magId "63886226" @default.
• W63886226 workType "article" @default.