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• W643794909 abstract "New analytical and numerical solutions are developed to both the kinematicapproximation to the St Venant equations and the Hairsine-Rose (HR) soil erosionmodel in order to gain a better physical understanding of soil erosion andsediment transport in shallow overland flow. The HR model is unique amongstphysically based erosion models in that it is the only one that: considers the entiredistribution of the soil s sediment size classes, considers the development ofa layer of deposited non-cohesive sediment having different characteristics to theoriginal underlying cohesive soil and considers separately the erosion processes ofrainfall detachment, runoff entrainment and gravitational deposition.The method of characteristics and the method of lines were used to developboth the analytical and numerical solutions respectively. These solutions wereobtained for boundary and initial conditions typical of those used in laboratoryflume experiments along with physically realistic constant and time dependentexcess rainfall rates. Depending on the boundary and initial conditions, interestingnew solutions of the kinematic wave equation containing expansion waves,travelling shocks as well as solutions which split into an upslope and downslopedrying profiles were found.Numerical solutions of the HR model were applied to the experimental flumedata of Polyakov and Nearing (2003) obtained under flow conditions which periodicallycycled between net erosion and net deposition conditions. While excellentagreement was found with suspended sediment data, the analysis suggested thatan additional transport mechanisms, traditionally not included in soil erosionmodels, was occurring. While the inclusion of bed-load transport improved theiioverall model prediction, it was still not sufficient. Subsequent asymptotic analysisthen showed that the interaction of the flow with an evolving bed morphologywas in fact far more important than bed load transport. A very interesting findingfrom this work showed that the traditional criterion of validating sedimenttransport model based solely on suspended sediment data was not sufficient as reliablepredictions could be obtained even when important transport mechanismswere neglected.Experimental plots of sediment discharge or suspended sediment concentrationagainst water discharge in overland flow have been shown to contain significanthysteresis between the falling and rising limbs of the discharge hydrograph.In the final Chapter, the numerical solution developed for the complete system ofsoil erosion and kinematic flow was used to show that it was possible for the HRmodel to simulate three of the four hysteresis loops identified in the literature.Counter clock-wise loops, clock-wise loops and figure 8 loops could all be producedas a result of starting with different initial conditions, being mi(x; 0) = 0,mi(x; 0) = pimt and mi(x; 0) = 0:5pimt respectively. This is the first time thatthese types of hysteresis loops have been produced by any erosion model. Thegeneration of these hysteresis loops are physically explainable in terms of sedimentavailability and is consistent with data obtained on the field scale." @default.
• W643794909 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W643794909 creator A5050067291 @default.
• W643794909 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W643794909 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W643794909 title "Mathematical modeling of soil erosion by rainfall and shallow overland flow" @default.
• W643794909 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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