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• W64710502 abstract "ABSTRACT Amnion and skin grafts represent a very effective treatment of extensive skin and soft tissue defects of various origins such as burns, large soft tissue injuries, granulating wounds and chronic wounds. For temporary skin replacement (grafting) they are used mostly as allografts. As in any other kinds of tissue allotransplantation, the most important requirements for the grafts are quality, safety and effectivity. Both amnion and skin are well differentiated tissues with very unique anatomical structures and physiologic functions 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . Skin is, as a matter of fact, an organ with many functions, which are important for the integrity and functionality of the organism. When skin is used as a temporary graft, it can replace just a few of its original functions, mainly the protective and barrier ones. The same can be applied for amnion, although its effectiveness is enhanced by the content of different very potent healing agents like cytokines and growth factors. Anatomically, skin is composed of two principle layers – the epidermis and dermis [1] . Epidermis is responsible for the major part of the barrier function of the skin. It is relatively thin, composed of several cell layers, and very few extracellular matrix. The most important chemical substances of the cells are DNA, RNA, and proteins. The basal cell layer of the epidermis is attached to the basement membrane system representing the borderline between epidermis and dermis. The basement membrane contains special proteins like fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, and collagen VII. Compared to epidermis, dermis is composed mostly of connective tissue fibres and extracellular matrix, with very few cells. The main chemical compounds of the extracellular matrix include collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans (mostly hyaluronic acid and heparan sulphate). The principal functions of the dermis include mechanical strength, carrier of blood vessels, nerves, and skin appendages. Skin thickness is variable and depends on the anatomical region. The thinnest skin is in the area of upper eyelids and genitalia (0.5 mm), and the thickest is on the back (2 mm). Amnion, compared to skin, is much thinner (0.05-0.2 mm) and it is composed of five layers. It contains a single layer of cuboid cells attached to a basement membrane; the other three layers include compact layer, fibroblastic layer, and spongy layer. It does not contain any structures of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, or nervous tissue. It is of embryonic origin. Radiation sterilisation is used to increase the safety of the biological tissue grafts in order to prevent transmission of microorganisms causing diseases from the donor tissue to the recipient 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 . The irradiation doses used to sterilise amnion and skin grafts do not merely devitalise the biological tissue, but can also cause structural changes of the main anatomical components and structures of the grafts. Structures containing large molecules like collagen, some other proteins, and hyaluronic acid, are most vulnerable to irradiation. The most important issue is that these changes will not adversely affect to a large extent the structural integrity, mechanical strength, and adherence of the grafts, which properties are the major determinants of the most substantial temporary skin substitute functions." @default.
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• W64710502 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W64710502 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W64710502 title "EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON THE INTEGRITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF AMNION AND SKIN GRAFTS" @default.
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• W64710502 doi "https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845690779.3.197" @default.
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