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- W64932357 abstract "Alternative liquid transportation fuels, including bioethanol and biodiesel, are receiving increased attention due to concerns over energy security, crude oil price increases and environmental issues. Ethanol is the most widely used biofuel and is currently produced by the fermentation of sugars derived from various crops including corn, cereal grains, sugar cane and sugar beet. In 2006 the United States surpassed Brazil as the major producer of ethanol producing 5 billion gallons (18.9 billion litres). Total worldwide production of ethanol is approximately 10 billion gallons (37.8 billion litres). In 2006 about 18% of the U.S. corn crop was used in the production of ethanol, with the majority of corn being used for animal feed. It has been predicted that ethanol produced from corn grain may only be able to grow in volume to approximately 12 - 15 billion gpy (gallons per year), and that additional growth will have to come from the use of other raw materials. Cellulose is the most abundant molecule on Earth and, like starch, is a polymer of glucose, hence, cellulosic materials could make up the short fall in raw materials for the production of ethanol. There are multiple technical and economic challenges associated with the large scale production of ethanol from cellulosic biomass including collection and transport of the biomass raw material, preprocessing or pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and ultimately fermentation of a mixed sugar stream that will contain materials toxic to the ethanol producing microorganism. Many advances have been made in each of these areas over the past couple of years, improving the prospects that cellulosic ethanol will become a commercial reality in the very near future." @default.
- W64932357 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W64932357 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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- W64932357 title "Cellulosic ethanol - state of the technology." @default.
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