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• W650942167 abstract "The article focuses on reconciliation between the Serb and Albanian communities in Kosovo. It explains that in northern Kosovo the necessary pre-conditions for reconciliation have not been met; there has essentially been no resolution of the conflict and the parties show no willingness to engage each other in dialogue. Instead, in southern Kosovo both Albanian and Serb communities are far more willing to engage in a form of non-violent co-existence. However, the article argues that reconciliation requires more than non-violent co-existence, most notably progress in with the past and the establishment of a form of civic trust between the parties. Progress in these areas has been limited: communities continue to view the past in conflicting ways and live separate from one another with low levels of inter-ethnic trust. This is exacerbated by the lack of political agreement on the status of Kosovo and seriously impedes deeper progress towards reconciliation in southern Kosovo.Keywords:Kosovo, reconciliation, transitional justice, co-existence, trust1. IntroductionIt has been over a decade since the 1999 conflict in Kosovo, which is estimated to have cost around 10,000 lives (Judah, 2008: 91), with around 3,000 Albanians and 800 Serbs and Roma subject to enforced disappearances and abductions (Amnesty International, 2009: 3).A staggering 848,100 Albanians were expelled from the country and many more were internally displaced, while an estimated 180,000 Serbs and Roma leftKosovo in the immediate aftermath of the bombing campaign by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (UNHCR, 1999: 11). Since then, unprecedented international attention and funds have gone into solving the dispute in order to prevent a repetition of past mistakes in Europe's backyard. Efforts have been made to reconcile the conflicting parties and thus to break the cycle of violence and hatred. This article analyzes both the difficulties, and possible opportunities, of the reconciliation process between the ethnic Serb and ethnic Albanian communities in Kosovo.Reconciliation is a much-used term, with few authors agreeing on exactly what the concept constitutes. Some argue that 'non-lethal coexistence' - a negative peace characterized by the absence of violence - is sufficient for reconciliation (Mendelhoff, 2004: 365). Others claim that reconciliation requires the establishment of deeper relations involving mutual trust (Bar-Tal and Bennink, 2004: 15), or even forgiveness (see Tutu, 1999). This article argues that reconciliation requires more than peaceful coexistence, which is insufficient for building the relations necessary to prevent a continuation of old hatreds, but does not necessarily require the establishment of harmonious relations and forgiveness. Forgiveness may be desirable, but its achievability is questionable; moreover, serious moral questions arise when demanding that victims of atrocities forgive the perpetrators (Andrieu, 2010: 14-15). It also deserves highlighting that pluralist democracies, while requiring a sense of civic trust among citizens, also actively nurture constructive dialogue between a plurality of opinions; they require 'a commitment to being at the table' (Eck, 2006), without necessarily agreeing with one another. Taking these factors into consideration, this article borrows from Kora Andrieu, who argues that the goal of the reconciliation process is 'to establish the conditions for peaceful dialogue mechanisms that would promote trust while encouraging reasonable disagreement' (Andrieu, 2010: 24). The establishment of such conditions would include a backward-looking element - including agreements on basic truths, reparations and the exercise of some form of transitional justice, or dealing with the past, as well as a forward-looking element - the changing of relationships towards the building of a sense of civic trust between communities, including a basic agreement on the norms and values by which the state should operate. …" @default.
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• W650942167 date "2012-10-01" @default.
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• W650942167 title "Reconciliation in Kosovo: A Few Steps Taken, a Long Road Ahead" @default.
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