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- W652053111 abstract "AbstractSustainable urban growth is generally defined as that meets the need of cunent residents without compromising the ability of future residents to meet their needs. Rapid growth can place pressures on local public infrastructure systems, fail to preserve open-space amenities, increase traffic congestion, and degrade local environmental quality. If these problematic outcomes occur, cunent and future residents bear a burden that is external to the new construction market. Effectively managed economic is something local and regional governments vigorously pursue, however. We argue that efficient outcomes occur when developers and other decisionmakers face market pnces that reflect the full social costs and benefits of their actions. This article outlines the nature of five types of externalities associated with rapid development, describing how each can compromise the long-term sustainability of communities. We advance the idea that properly structured impact fee programs can internalize dynamic externalities and encourage more sustainable growth patterns. We describe some ways in which local governments already commonly attempt to deal with externalities, show how impact fee programs have already been used to conectfor some of these problems, comment on the ways existing programs could be improved, and outline the most significant obstacles to using impact fee programs in this expanded capacity.IntroductionThe term sustainable means different things to different people. In 1987, the United Nations defined it as development that meets the of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987: 8). The 25 years that have followed have seen unprecedented levels of attention devoted to topics such as urban sprawl, sustainable growth, intergenerational equity, climate change, and environmental justice. Although national and international bodies have played important agenda-setting roles, local governments have led the way in terms of policy implementation, mostly because they have control over building and land use codes. This article considers how rapidly growing cities and their suburbs can use impact fees to grow in a sustainable manner.The prominence of cities in the quest for sustainability seems appropriate in light of the role cities have long played in accommodating population growth. When world population surpassed 1 billion in 1800, only 3 percent of humans lived in urbanized areas. This rate increased to 14 percent by 1900 and to more than 30 percent by 1950. World population now sits at about 7 billion, and the United Nations has reported that, for the first time in human history, more than one-half of the world's population lives in urban areas (United Nations, 2010). Estimates from the same study predict this rate will grow to 60 percent by 2030 and 70 percent by 2050. In the United States, four out of five people already live in urban areas, and forecasts predict this ratio will continue to increase. Simply put, developing sustainable cities is the key to long-term sustainability on a larger scale.1 Our focus on cities is by no means novel. Berke and Conroy (2000: 23) argued, Sustainable is a dynamic process in which communities anticipate and accommodate the of current and future generations in ways that reproduce and balance local social, economic, and ecological systems.An ongoing debate in the literature pits local regulatory planning-based approaches against the unregulated free market. Advocates of widespread land use planning and regulation claim that unregulated leads to urban sprawl, environmental damage, and a diminished quality of life for all residents. The counterargument points out that such policies may sacrifice the power and allocative efficiency of the pricing allocation mechanism (Holcombe, 2004). …" @default.
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- W652053111 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W652053111 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W652053111 title "Promoting Sustainable Land Development Patterns through Impact Fee Programs" @default.
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