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• W65240003 abstract "The present study addressed the need to understand how short-term variations in metalconcentrations in the environment determine its concentrations in a biomonitor, and how thisinformation affects the use of the biomonitor in environmental monitoring programs. As acase study, the barnacle biomonitor Balanus amphitrite present in Ross Creek (Townsville,Queensland, AU) and the heavy metal Cd were used. The research methodology for this studycomprised three integrated approaches: field measurements; the performance of laboratory experiments, and the development of an ecotoxicological simulation model, in order tounderstand the processes controlling Cd accumulation in Balanus amphitrite in the field. Twosampling programs were carried out along Ross Creek, in the dry season of 2002 and the wetseason of 2004, in which barnacles, their food sources (two class sizes of suspendedparticulate material, SPM, and microzooplankton) and water (dissolved phase) were sampledweekly for Cd concentrations and mass abundances. Sampling periods were selected to testwhether the concentration of Cd in the biomonitor responded to any variation in the dissolvedand particulate phase Cd concentrations in Ross Creek, as caused by rainfall variation.In both sampling periods, the Cd concentration in the dissolved phase increased upstream,ranging from 1.6 to 283 ngl,, The Cd concentration in the barnacle's food sources exhibitedthe same pattern - ranging from <0.01 to 2.10 mg kg for the small size class of SPM (0.4550um), from 0.07 to 1.62mg kg for large SPM (50-200 um), and from 0.03 to 0.80 mg kg-Ifor microzooplankton (50-200 um). The Cd concentration in two populations of Balanusamphitrite increased upstream between two sites 2.20 km apart and ranged from 2.15 to 6.40mg kg and from 5.22 to 12.8mg kg-I. Even though no significant temporal variation wasdetected for the Cd sources to the barnacles, the biomonitor Cd concentrations varied over thethree sampling months, within each sampling period, exhibiting specific patterns for thisvariation. These observations suggest that changes in the Cd concentrations in the foodsources and the relative mass abundance of these sources may result in a specific Cdconcentration in Balanus amphitrite.Similar Cd concentrations, within sites, were observed for the particles between the dry andwet seasons. Only the most contaminated site exhibited significant differences in thedissolved Cd concentration between seasons. Because more than 95% of the total Cd in theRoss Creek water <200 um) was in the dissolved phase <0.45 um), the differences in thedissolved Cd concentration resulted in the barnacles from the most Cd-contaminated sitebeing exposed to a total Cd concentration in the wet season (45.8 ng L-I) that was a half ofthat in the dry season (91.6 ng L-I) . Such Cd differences were not indicated by the biomonitorwhose Cd concentration did not vary significantly between dry (8.4 mg kg) and wet (7.4 mgkg) seasons. A budget analysis based on Thomann's bioenergetic kinetic model, indicatedthat Cd flux from food contributes >80% of the Cd concentration in Balanus amphitrite.Thus, because no significant variation was identified for the Cd concentration in the food, novariation in the Cd concentration in the biomonitor was observed at the most contaminatedsite between seasons. A sensitivity analysis on the model showed that physiologicalcharacteristics of the biomonitor are the key parameters controlling Cd accumulation inBalanus amphitrite, rather than the metal concentration in the dissolved or particulate phases.This, coupled with the fact that the Cd flux from food is the major source of Cd to Balanusamphitrite suggests no tight coupling between Cd in the biomonitor and its availability in theenvironment.A simulation model was developed based on Thomann's bioenergetic kinetic model. Thedaily-simulated Cd concentration in Balanus amphitrite produced by the model reproducedthe general trend observed in the field. However, even though high and low patterns of Cdconcentration in this organism could be reproduced by the model, it could not reproduce theshort-term temporal variations accurately. A model investigation suggested that variations inthe mean weight of the sampled barnacles might mask the real pattern of temporal variation ofthe barnacles Cd concentration; even though no size effect has been identified in the fielddata.Two simulation exercises indicated that Balanus amphitrite may present some weakness inindicating temporal variations in Cd concentrations in the environment. The model resultssuggested that this organism could not indicate a 6-month Cd-pulse in the environment thatincreased the Cd concentration in its main source (small SPM, 0.45-50 um) by a factor of 2.8using a realistic sampling effort. In addition, this organism took more than a year to reachequilibrium for its Cd concentration in a simulated relocation experiment. These problemsmay be critical for the use of Balanus amphitrite as a biomonitor, and suggest that thisorganism can only provides a poor measure of current bioavailability of the metal in theenvironment. However, if a long-term mean Cd availability in the particulate fraction (sized<200 um) is required, Balanus amphitrite can provide such an information." @default.
• W65240003 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W65240003 date "2005-09-01" @default.
• W65240003 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W65240003 title "Cadmium accumulation in the barnacle biomonitor Balanus amphitrite: combining field and laboratory observations with modelling" @default.
• W65240003 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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