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- W652471427 abstract "The 'soft metrics' project was a defence industry sponsored research activity undertaken todevelop project performance analysis and control capabilities for systems engineering operationswithin BAE SYSTEMS. The 'soft' focus of this work addresses the less 'tangible' human andorganisational factors that influence project effectiveness as measured by key contractuallydeterminedcost, quality and time parameters related to delivery of the product. The key researchobjectives were: 1) to investigate the nature and influence of soft performance issues in projects,2) to explore the extent of existing research and development knowledge for control of soft factors, 3) to develop an appropriate practical approach to the analysis and measurement of soft issueswith tools to support project performance management efforts, and 4) to make a feasibility case for the research product through application and validation in operational case projects.The research approach involved in-depth, qualitative study of four relevant case projectsundertaken to define the industrial context for application, support an iterative developmentprocess and validate the results of development efforts towards the specification of an integratedsoft metrics tool and approach. An industry scoping study and detailed review of relevant researchand operations management literature revealed a gap in current project management metricationpractices regarding soft factors analysis and measurement capability. Building upon existingsociotechnical performance factors models an applied Human and Organisational Performance(HOP) modelling framework was developed for the representation of dependencies betweenupstream process indicators and 'outcome' effectiveness criteria in a systems engineering project context. Review of human sciences research literature and subsequent refinement through casebasedinvestigation led to the identification of over 100 potential human and organisationalperformance variables with which to populate the HOP model, representing a variety of 'softissues' known to influence performance in industry project based operations. Implicated factorswere associated with issues relating to: team composition, human knowledge and experience,work group climate and cohesion, functional autonomy, task and goal characteristics, humanworkload, motivation, stakeholder communication and project management decision-makingprocesses, amongst others. A variety of soft metrics and techniques for quantification of thesefactors were developed through a multi-facet approach to measurement that involveddecomposition of broad, higher-level variables into specific sub-factors. Appropriate subjectivejudgement-based items and objective criteria were defined to numerically quantify variance inspecific sub-factors.To provide a practical, integrated solution an application process with detailed sub-activities wasdeveloped to allow project management teams to identify and analyse 'soft' performance problemissues and select appropriate soft metrics for proactive monitoring and control within the project'slifecycle. This process was subsequently successfully implemented in three systems engineeringcase projects. Through implementation of a structured approach in focus groups, projectmanagers reported they were able to identify and reason about complex human and organisationalfactors that had previously been managed intuitively, and relate them to specific effects uponproject performance outcomes to support risk assessment. A variety of performance-critical'system preconditions' were identified and linked to key outcome objectives within the HOPmodelling framework, through their impact upon specific human activities or 'behavioural' variables that represented human performance in the project work environment. In terms of feasibility,project work groups reported that the soft metrics approach was of potentially high utility in supporting performance control through project planning, work process improvement efforts andproject performance review activities, providing that practical issues associated with the level ofeffort currently involved in the implementation of the prototype tool were resolved. This workhighlights metrication of human and organisational factors in projects as an important and viablearea for future research work to support enhancement in operations performance managementcapabilities." @default.
- W652471427 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W652471427 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W652471427 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W652471427 title "'Soft metrics': development and application of a framework for the measurement of human and organisational factors in projects" @default.
- W652471427 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
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