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• W657613346 abstract "Wildlife are a significant natural hazard for drivers in the United States and Canada. Over the last century, as the road and highway systems of these two nations have expanded and encroached on wildlife habitats, and the number of drivers and motor vehicles has increased steadily, the incidence of wildlife-vehicle collisions has grown dramatically. Collisions involving large ungulates, such as deer, elk and moose, usually found in rural areas in both United States and Canada, are becoming increasingly common in urban and suburban areas as urbanization expands into wildlife areas. Large species of wildlife represent formidable hazards to drivers. Currently, more than a million wildlife-related motor vehicle collisions occur in the United States alone each year, resulting in over $1US billion in damage to vehicles, 29,000 human injuries, and 200 human fatalities. The ability of drivers to deal effectively with wildlife hazards is largely dependent on driving skills, knowledge, experience and awareness of the hazards. Consequently, new drivers are extremely vulnerable to the threat posed by the presence of wildlife on and near roads and highways. For decades, the driver manuals and handbooks published by US state and Canadian provincial authorities have historically been the primary formal source of educational materials for new drivers. A review of official driver manuals and handbooks published over the last 100 years examines the variation in information provided with respect to the fundamental characteristics of wildlife hazards and basic driving techniques necessary to reduce the likelihood and severity of wildlife collisions. The evolution of wildlife-related information in these publications is traced through the decades, and the presentation of critical safety issues, such as wildlife hazard awareness and wildlife collision avoidance or collision severity reduction manoeuvres is evaluated. Review results show some states and provinces have provided extensive material and guidance to new drivers on handling wildlife hazards encountered while driving, while other states and provinces have not. The lack of consistency in communicating information about wildlife hazards has left potentially millions of drivers throughout the United States and Canada with little formal knowledge about these hazards, or safe and effective approaches to handling them. Recommendations are made for improving state and provincial driver manuals and handbooks to protect both drivers and wildlife." @default.
• W657613346 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W657613346 creator A5029249319 @default.
• W657613346 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W657613346 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W657613346 title "Communicating the Risk of Wildlife Hazards to New Drivers in the United States and Canada with State and Provincial Driver Manuals and Handbooks" @default.
• W657613346 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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