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- W66753852 abstract "Surfactant molecules spontaneously adsorb at liquid interfaces: either liquid—air in the case of aqueous or organic surfactant solutions or liquid—liquid in the case of both aqueous and organic surfactant solutions. When the solubility of the surfactant in the aqueous and/or organic phases is very low, the surfactant molecules concentrate at the interface. They form a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer [1]. The energy per unit area of the interface is by definition the surface tension. Before adsorption the surface tension is 70, after adsorption.γ. The change in free energy per unit area due to the monolayer is (by analogy with 3D systems) the surface pressure П: 10.1 $$ gamma = {{gamma }_{0}} - Pi $$ When the surfactant molecules in the monolayer are separated by large enough distances, the 2D system behaves like an ideal gas and: 10.2 $$ Pi a = {{k}_{B}}T $$ where a is the area per surfactant molecule, k B the Boltzmann constant and T the absolute temperature. For more concentrated systems, other types of phases can be observed: ‘liquid expanded’, ‘liquid condensed’ and several crystalline phases, as well as equilibria between these phases in the monolayer. This subject will be discussed in detail in Chap. 12." @default.
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- W66753852 date "1994-01-01" @default.
- W66753852 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W66753852 title "Interfacial Tension: Theory and Experiment" @default.
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