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• W6675697 abstract "The voiced obstruent series /b, d, g/ has articulatory differences in Spanish and English; in addition to differences in Voice Onset Time (VOT), the manner of articulation of the voiced obstruents varies across the two languages. In Spanish, /b, d, g/ are realized as spirants in a variety of contexts (e.g., hada is produced as [aða]). Although the contexts in which spirants are produced vary by dialect, spirantization consistently occurs intervocalically across dialects and speech styles. The intervocalic context is not confined to within the limits of a single lexical item; rather it extends across word boundaries so that phrases such as una beca are realized as [unaseka]). As a result, spirants are produced both within individual words and at word boundaries. Spirantization may be difficult for native English speakers acquiring Spanish as a second language (L2) since spirants are not allophonic variants of stops in English. Some English pronunciation guides suggest that English speakers do spirantize both voiced and voiceless stops in fast, casual speech (e.g., Brown, 1990; Gimson, 1989), but spirants are much less frequent and primarily an effect of speech style. Unlike Spanish, English speakers tend to maintain an articulatory separation of adjacent words, inserting a glottal stop between contiguous vowel sounds at word boundaries. For example, phrases such as the apple are produced as [ðəʔaepəl], not [ðaepəl]. In addition to learning these different allophones, native English speakers acquiring Spanish must also learn the different phonemic contrasts made between some of the voiced obstruents in Spanish and English. English has a phonemic difference between /b/ and /v/, which in written form are represented by two different graphemes, b and v respectively. In Spanish, both of these graphemes represent the /b/ phoneme, and /v/ does not exist in the Spanish phonemic inventory. Additionally, [d] and [ð] are allophonic variants of /d/ in Spanish whereas in English they form a phonemic contrast exemplified by minimal pair dare [dɛɹ] and there [ðɛɹ]. English-speaking learners of Spanish must then learn to produce both written b and v as /b/ in Spanish and that [d] and [ð] are variants of the same sound. In order to acquire native-like Spanish pronunciation, English speakers must acquire these phonetic, allophonic, and phonemic differences. Elliott (1997) includes [s, ð, ɣ, v] in a list of sounds that most contribute to a foreign accent in Spanish as judged by Spanish instructors, professors, and graduate students, suggesting that the acquisition of the above mentioned differences proves difficult for English-speaking learners of Spanish. Findings from previous research support this view." @default.
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• W6675697 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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• W6675697 title "Acquisition of the Spanish Voiced Spirants by Second Language Learners" @default.
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