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- W66845036 abstract "This paper describes the survey on anti-microbial agents and Mycotoxins in milk as part of a large study to assess public health hazards associated with marketed milk. Samples were collected seasonally during 2008-2010 from individual farms, milk collection points and milk from retail markets (UHT milk). All samples were screened for antimicrobial residues using Delvotest SP (DSM Food Specialties, The Netherlands), Snap tests (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine USA) and Penicillin ELISA test (Immunolab, Germany). The former detects a wide range of anti-microbial, and the latter detects β-lactams and tetracycline‟s specifically, at levels above maximum residue limits (MRLS) recommended by the European Union (EU).In this study a total of 1895 milk samples were analyzed by Delvotest SP screening test and all of the positive samples were tested by two screening tests and two confirmatory tests were done to evaluate the contamination of antibiotics during 2008-2010. Positive milk samples yield by Delvotest SP were then tested by Snap beta-lactam test (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine USA) 106 tests, Snap tetracycline test 106 tests, snap sulphamethasine test 106 tests, and Penicillin ELISA test (Immunolab, Germany) 37 tests. The confirmatory analytical methods applied to 80 sample extracts (reacted positive at screening methods).The qualitative examination of antibiotic residues in 1895 milk samples, during a three year period (2008 to 2010), led to the identification of 131 positive samples (6.91%), 5 ambiguous samples (0.26%) and 1759 negative samples (92.82). In 2008, 25(15.52%) out of 161 samples were positive, in 2009, 52(5.12%) out of 1015 samples were positive and in 2010 54(7.51%) out of 719 samples were positive.Of all 1895 samples 131(6.91%) were positive for antibiotic residues in cow raw milk in the regions of Kosovo. From 69 UHT milk samples analyzed during 2009 to 2010 two samples were found positive.The confirmatory analytical methods applied to 80 sample extracts (reacted positive at screening methods) confirmed the presence of tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, tetracycline) by LC-DAD in 5 samples (3 of them with concentration > MRL), the presence of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethazine and sulfamethaxazole) by LC-MS in 8 samples (all of them with concentration MRL).The main identified antibiotic families were betalactams (in 90.07% of samples) in average concentrations of 478.22 μg/kg, tetracyclines (in 3.82% of samples) in average concentrations of 14936.66 μg/kg Sulphonamides in (6.11% samples) in average concentration of 7.26 μg/kg.During 2009 and 2010 the survey on the presence of AFM1 in milk in Kosovo has been performed. In this study 895 milk samples were analyzed by two different screening tests to evaluate the contamination of aflatoxin M1 during 2009-2010 sample collected from individual farms, milk collection points and milk from retail markets. Milk samples (695) in 2009, and (200) in 2010 were tested by ELISA test (Tecna srl, Trieste, Italy), and 9 samples (2009), and 37 samples (2010) were tested with SNAP Afla M1 test (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine USA).In 2009 from a total of 895 samples examined 20 samples were contaminated with AFM1, positive reaction in tests had 20 samples or (2.88%) out of 695 samples, and 675 (97.12%) were negative, in 2010 from 200 samples in total examined 5 (2.5%) samples reacted positive, and 195 (97.5%) samples reacted negative.In 2009, the AFM1 concentrations in 695 samples (97.12%) were less than 5 ng/L wail in 20 samples (2.88%) AFM1 was found between 5 and 50 ng/L. In those positive samples AFM1 concentration in milk was in range between 5-10 ng/L (10 samples), 10-25 ng/L (9 samples), and 25-50 ng/L (1 sample). Samples tested with Snap afla M1 test were negative (these samples were randomly selected from positive samples on antibiotics). In 2010, results derived by ELISA test showed that in 195 samples (97.50%) the AFM1 concentrations were less than 5 ng/L and in 5 samples (2.50%) AFM1 was found between 5 and 10 ng/L. All tested samples with SNAP Afla M1 test were negative.In 2009, the highest concentration of aflatoxin was registered in one October sample which contained 26.59 ng/L. We found the highest number of positive samples in summer (8 samples) and autumn (12 samples). The region where the majority of contaminated samples were found is Peja region while Mitrovica region was without contaminated samples. In 2010, in terms of seasonal distribution, we found the highest number of positive samples in winter (three samples), spring (one sample) and in autumn (one sample). The highest concentration of aflatoxin was registered in one spring sample; it contained 9.81 ng/L, in winter samples ranged between 6.60 and 8.58 ng/L and one sample in autumn contained 6.70 ng/L. The region where all of the contaminated samples were found is Peja region with 100% positives and with no contamination with Aflatoxin M1 in other surveyed regions of Kosovo. Milk samples were taken throughout January to September to study a possible seasonal influence. At the present study, AFM1 levels were detected in UHT milk in both 2009/2010." @default.
- W66845036 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W66845036 creator A5080545371 @default.
- W66845036 date "2011-07-22" @default.
- W66845036 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W66845036 title "Three years of surveillance (2008-10) for the assessment of contaminants residues in milk produced in Kosovo" @default.
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