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• W67683867 abstract "Horizontal axis tidal turbines (HATTs) must provide reliable electrical energy production in a subsea environment with minimal maintenance. Failures related to turbine blades will have a significant impact on their overall cost-effectiveness. The use of composite blades for such devices offers mass and cost savings [1], [2], however to fully utilise this benefit blades have to be designed to be more flexible than traditional blades. Hence it is important that the fluid structure interaction (FSI) of the blades is well understood. In its simplest form this allows the performance of a turbine blade to be assessed in it deformed state. Composite materials also create the possibility of blades that deform into different optimised shapes for different load conditions [2]. This could maximise the turbine efficiency over a broader range of the tidal cycle. To achieve this the interaction between the fluid loading and the structural response needs to be considered within the design process. HATTs operate in a highly unsteady environment due to large fluctuating velocities caused by the oceanic turbulent boundary layer. This results in a dynamic interaction of the hydrodynamic blade loading and its structural response with implications for the assessment of device efficiency and through-life fatigue loading. The coupling of a stochastic flow regime with flapwise and twist deformations of the blade requires fully coupled hydrodynamic and structural simulation of the blade to deal with the inherent non-linearities. Turbine blade modelling methods are essentially made of three components: hydrodynamics of the flow regime around and through the machine; structural dynamics of the blades and the interaction of these two mechanisms [3]. Hydrodynamic loading applied to the blade can be assessed using a number of methods, such as BEM, actuator line and CFD methods. Similarly, a number of approaches can be used to assess the structural response of the blades. These include bean modal decomposition (beam theory), multi-body and finite element methods. Coupling the hydrodynamic and structural solutions can be achieved in an iterative manner (two-way), where the fluid and structural convergence simultaneously, or quasisteady (one-way), where the converged fluid loadings are applied to the structural model. Computational cost increases for higher fidelity simulations. Hence the size of the problem in terms of number of grid cells and time steps required influences the choice of simulation approach. For example, BEM theory can be used to represent turbine arrays inside a CFD simulation [4]. More recently a beam theory structural solver has been included into this method allowing both static and dynamic structural deformations to gust loading to be analysed [3]. This approach allows dynamic simulations of fluid structure interactions of devices in an efficient way; however as only the blade twist in included in the assessment of the deformed blades’ performance this will come at the expense of physics fidelity. In contrast detailed simulations of the hydrodynamic loading on a tidal turbine in a turbulent flow have been performed using large eddy simulation (LES) [5]. This comes at a considerable computational cost (∼ 10 CPU hours). If this type of simulation was directly coupled with a finite element analysis of the dynamic structural response the computational cost would likely triple based on the fully coupled analysis of a flapping foil presented in [6]. High fidelity simulations provide the opportunity to assess the limitations and accuracy of simpler, more efficient methods. This paper aims to take the high fidelity fluid loading obtained in [5] and apply a static structural response using the beam theory adopted by [3]. The same test case is also simulated using the coupled BEM-beam theory approach. This allows the impact of flapwise deflections and fluid solver fidelity to be assessed on the fluid structure analysis of the thrust and power produced by a flexible bladed device." @default.
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• W67683867 date "2013-09-01" @default.
• W67683867 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W67683867 title "Fluid structure interaction analyses of tidal turbines" @default.
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