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• W67797894 abstract "A number of different animal models have been used to study the pathological changes induced by ethanol in the liver and other organs. Much has been learned from using these models although, of course, there are problems in extrapolating these results to humans. Animal studies of alcoholic liver disease have used baboons, rats and mice. This review will deal with rodent models of ethanol induced liver disease concentrating on those studies which have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. Although immunological mechanisms are increasingly considered to have a role in the development of alcoholic liver disease they will not be reviewed here. It should be noted, however, that a study of rodent models has added considerably to our understanding of these mechanisms (Goldin & Hunt 1993). Rodents are sometimes considered second best to the baboon model pioneered by Lieber and DeCarli (Lieber et at. 1975; Ainley et a/. 1988). Conflicting results have been obtained in baboons as to whether ethanol is directly hepatotoxic or if nutritonal factors are also important. The difficulties of working with baboons has meant that in recent years they have not been used and this question remains to be resolved. The advantages of working with rats and mice include their relatively low cost, the ease with which they can be manipulated experimentally, and that a lot is known about the biology of these animals. Rats have been more frequently used than mice r.iainly because their larger size makes them easier to work with. For example in some studies on rats repeated liver biopsies in single animals have been carried out. There are major differences between rats and man in terms of how they handle ethanol. Rats have a natural aversion to ethanol. While in humans with alcoholic liver disease over 50% of total calorie intake comes from ethanol, rats on a liquid diet take in only 36% of their calories as ethanol (Salaspuro & Lieber 1980). Rats also metabolize ethanol 3-4 times more quickly than humans (Videla etal. 1975). These two factors make it difficult to maintain raised blood alcohol levels although techniques have been developed to overcome these problems such as the use of a long-term gastric catheter (Tsukamoto et at. 1990a). It should be pointed out that there is a difference of opinion as to whether it is necessary to have raised blood alcohol levels to induce liver damage (see Conclusion)." @default.
• W67797894 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W67797894 date "1994-02-01" @default.
• W67797894 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W67797894 title "Rodent models of alcoholic liver disease." @default.
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