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- W68244568 abstract "Studies of active sodium transport in epithelia, active proton extrusion in mitochondria, and of other examples of ion transport coupled to metabolism indicate that coupling in these systems is not necessarily completely tight (i.e., a fixed and integral stoichiometry is not always observed). An evaluation of the energetics of such processes using classical flux ratio considerations and/or equivalent circuit models may, as a consequence, be misleading. On the other hand, nonequilibrium thermodynamics (NET) provides a basis for systematic investigation of the factors determining transport under all circumstances. The formal description in terms of linear NET is essentially simple, yet it enables us to distinguish between effects on energetic as against kinetic factors - especially in relation to the mode of action of substances regulating transport. Tightness of coupling may be evaluated quantitatively and related to efficiency, and it can be shown that incomplete coupling is energetically advantageous in many systems. Although in general flows are non-linear functions of forces and the Onsager reciprocal relations are obeyed only very near equilibrium, it is possible experimentally, at least in certain cases, to constrain the forces to “proper” pathways (e.g., in concentration space) such that linearity obtains and the reciprocal relations hold far from equilibrium. Linear behavior has indeed been observed in a variety of studies in epithelial and other systems, enabling the affinity (or negative Gibbs free energy) of the metabolic reaction driving transport to be measured." @default.
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- W68244568 date "1981-01-01" @default.
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- W68244568 title "THE COUPLING BETWEEN TRANSPORT AND METABOLISM: THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS" @default.
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- W68244568 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-026815-6.50025-x" @default.
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