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• W69197696 abstract "In 1982-1985, on-farm stored wheat in north central Oklahoma was sampled monthly to determine insect species present and storage practices used. Seasonal grain temperatures in aerated and unaerated grain bins were recorded. Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) was the most prevalent primary insect species found in 29.0, 37.5 and 34.4 percent of on-farm grain bins in 1982-1983, 1983-1984 and 1984-1985 storage years, respectively. Cryptolestes spp., Plodia interpunctella (H?bner), and Tribolium spp. were the most abun dant secondary stored grain insect species found in Oklahoma in each storage year. Grain temperatures ranged from 35 to 38?C during June, July, and August. During September, October and November, grain temperatures ranged from 24 to 30?C, which is optimal for stored grain insect activity, and allowed all populations to reach high levels. Aeration was shown to be a feasible and effective stored grain management tool in Oklahoma. With utilization of aeration, losses from insects were greatly reduced. Incidences of stored grain insects and molds have been reported primarily in north central states (Osmun, 1954; Winburn, 1940; Barak and Harein, 1981a, b; Storey et al., 1983). Predominant species in wheat throughout the upper midwest include: Cryptolestes spp.; sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis; lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); caddelle, Tenebroides mauritanicus (L.); rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.); and Tribolium spp. (Cotton et al., 1960; Storey et al., 1983). In Kansas, Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (H?bner), infestations were extensive (McGaughey et al., 1978). Few of these studies in volved sampling throughout the storage year or relating insect numbers to grain temperatures or moisture contents. Little information is available on insects in festing Oklahoma farm wheat or population trends throughout the year. Stored grain insect populations are regulated primarily by grain moisture and temperature (Cotton et al., 1960). A consistent correlation has been shown between grain moisture and stored grain insect numbers (Storey et al., 1983; Barak and Harein, 1981a). Grain is thought to be safe from substantial infestation if stored with low moisture. However, some recent literature indicates that several species occur in very dry grain (Storey et al., 1983). Little is known about grain moisture contents of Oklahoma on-farm storage. Historically, Oklahoma has been considered a high risk state for stored grain pests primarily due to warm winter grain temperatures (Storey et al., 1979). Laboratory studies showed that stored grain insects acclimatized and survived in spite of the natural winter temperature drop (Granovsky, 1978). Grain temper ature manipulation with aeration is recommended to lower grain temperatures below 15?C, where insect activity is minimal (Storey et al., 1979). In laboratory 1 Journal Article No. 4962 of the Agrie. Exp. Sta., Oklahoma State University. 2 Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078. 3 OSU Cooperative Extension, 316 E. Oxford, Enid, Oklahoma 73701. 4 116 Mumford Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801. Accepted for publication 13 June 1986. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.176 on Sat, 09 Apr 2016 07:10:13 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOLUME 59, NUMBER 4 621 Table 1. Storage practices, number of bins, and mean contents of aerated and unaerated Oklahoma farm grain bins. 1982-1983, 1983-1984, and 1984-1985 storage years. North central Oklahoma.3" @default.
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• W69197696 title "Insect Populations in Aerated and Unaerated Stored Wheat in Oklahoma" @default.
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