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• W69544110 abstract "List of AcronymsACTC All Ceylon Tamil CongressCG ES commissioner general for essential servicesDJV Deshapremi Janata Vyaparaya (Patriotic People's Movement]EPRLF Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation FrontEROS Eelam Revolutionary Organization of StudentsIPKF Indian Peace Keeping ForceIRA Irish Republican ArmyJVP Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (People's Liberation Front]LTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil EelamMDMK Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Renaissance Dravidian Progressive Federation]MPCS multi-purpose cooperative societiesPLOTE People's Liberation Organization of Tamil EelamPM K Pattali Makkal Katchi (Working People's Party]PSO Public Security OrdinancePIA Prevention of Terrorism ActSLFP Sri Lanka Freedom PartyTELO Tamil Eelam Liberation OrganizationTUF Tamil United FrontTU LF Tamil United Liberation FrontUF United FrontUNP United National Party...all the provisions of law...the Anti-terrorism Act, the Emergency legislation.. .did not prevent the growth of terrorism and finally you had to succumb to the intervention of the Indian Army. So please learn a lesson from the North. Do not carry out the same thing in the South.Anil Moonasinghe, Sri Lankan MP, 1988'In the 1980s Sri Lanka was confronted with two armed militancies.2 In the north, the government faced a minority Tamil militancy led by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). In the south it faced a majority Sinhala militancy led by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), or People's Liberation Front. Sri Lanka was one of the few democratic countries in the world to face two different kinds of armed rebellion simultaneously. In countering these rebellions, the Sri Lankan government enacted and deployed several counterterrorism laws with varied results.In April 1971, the first-ever armed insurrection led by the JVP to seize power on the island of Sri Lanka occurred. However, aided by Emergency Regulations, the then United Front (UF) government was able to crush the revolt by force. The JVP rose again, this time with more ferocity, between 1987 to 1990. Once again, the state was able to put down the insurgency successfully through coercion backed by a host of counterterrorism laws. Meanwhile, since the mid-1970s, Tamil youth in the north of the island, frustrated by the lack of state response to their rising grievances, had started taking to violence to achieve separation. The UF government, which had crushed the JVP insurrection successfully, tried to do the same to suppress Tamil militancy, but in vain. When the United National Party (UNP) came to power by voting out the United Front in 1977, it tried a two-pronged approach: accommodation and repression. On the one hand, the government took some steps to address the grievances of the minority community. On the other hand, it used indiscriminate force against the militants by arming the security forces with new counterterrorism laws. In addition to existing emergency powers, the government enacted several legislations including the Proscription of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and Similar Organisations Act of 1978 and the Prevention of Terrorism Act of 1979. Existing criminal laws, like the Criminal Procedure (Special Provisions) Act of 1978, were amended to make them more stringent. These measures contributed to the quelling of the JVP insurrection but not the Tamil militancy which continues to this day.Why was the Sri Lankan state able to crush one insurgency but not the other? Was it because of differences between the two groups or because of differences in their support bases? Were the counterterrorism laws inadequate or were there problems in their enactment and enforcement? This study seeks to answer these questions and draw lessons from the Sri Lankan experience. It advances two arguments. First, it posits that the process of enactment and discriminatory enforcement undermined the legitimacy and effectiveness of counterterrorism legislation, especially against the LTTE. …" @default.
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• W69544110 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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• W69544110 title "Counterterrorism legislation in Sri Lanka : evaluating efficacy" @default.
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