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• W69779920 abstract "The small intestinal epithelium is the most rapidly proliferating tissue in the body, with a turnover time of 2 to 3 days in mice and rats, and 3 to 6 days in humans. This turnover rate is so rapid that cells do not normally enter the prolonged G 0 phase seen in other, more slowly dividing tissues. This renewal is critical for maintenance of the functional integrity of the gut and is very tightly regulated along the crypt–villus axis through the migration of pluripotent stem cells located within the crypts of Lieberkuhn. Crypt and villus architecture is controlled, in part, by stromal and epithelial elements. The cells acquire a differentiated phenotype as they migrate toward the villus tip (absorptive enterocyte, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells), and are eventually extruded into the lumen. Paneth cells do not migrate, however, but differentiate within the base of the crypts, eventually degenerate, and are lost through phagocytosis. Thus, a steady-state equilibrium is maintained between cell production and cell loss. Villus height follows a gradient from the duodenum, where it is greatest, to the ileum, where the shortest villi are encountered. Accordingly, there is a proximal-to-distal gradient in villus height, cell number, and absorptive surface area in the small intestine. These anatomic differences depend not only on the larger amount of ingested nutrients encountered by the proximal gut, but also on an intrinsic genetic program." @default.
• W69779920 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W69779920 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W69779920 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W69779920 title "Intestinal Regeneration and Adaptation Models" @default.
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• W69779920 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012655330-7/50045-9" @default.
• W69779920 hasPublicationYear "2001" @default.
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