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- W71403463 abstract "Extended Abstract: An icon of oak-conifer woodlands along the west coast of the United States, the native western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) struggles to maintain its foothold in Washington State. Hunting seasons were closed in 1950, but population levels have failed to rebound. Klickitat County, in south central Washington, has long been considered the core of Washington’s western gray squirrel population, yet population densities of 0.1–0.2 squirrels/ha are among the lowest reported for any tree squirrel in North America. Research on radio-collared squirrels indicates that females occupy large home ranges and nearly exclusive core areas centered on stands of large ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Site fidelity is high for reproductive females, and newcomers readily occupy core areas vacated when a resident female dies. These observations are consistent with the assumptions of Moffat’s equilibrium, which are (1) breeding sites are limited and defended from potential conspecific competitors (i.e., breeders), and (2) all available breeding sites are occupied (Moffat 1903; Hunt 1998). Moffat worked with breeding birds and found that individuals maximize their lifetime reproductive fitness by delaying breeding until a site of sufficient quality becomes available. These potential breeders are termed floaters, and their presence is indicative of a population at equilibrium. We used Moffat’s test to determine whether western gray squirrels in Klickitat County exist in a state of population equilibrium. A Microsoft Excel workbook programmed with Moffat’s equations (Hunt and Law 2000) was run with the following parameters: (1) adult survival averages 0.61 ± 0.19 SD (n = 31 for 1999, n = 13 for 2000, n = 22 for 2001, and n = 44 for 2002 [measured]), (2) reproductive rate averages 3.0 ± 0.9 young per litter (n = 30 [measured]), (3) a 1:1 sex ratio for adults and juveniles, (4) subadult survival is 0.60 (assumed for a good food year [Gurnell 1987]), (5) juvenile survival is 0.50 (assumed for a good food year [Gurnell 1987]), (6) squirrels live for 9 years, (7) squirrels are subadults for 1 year, and (8) reproductive rates are the same for adults and subadults. Population size was set arbitrarily, beginning with 100 breeding females and 100 territories. Western gray squirrels in Klickitat County failed Moffat’s test, showing a lack of floaters (-86) and appearing to be in decline. We then ran a model of unconstrained population growth (λ ) to determine what rates of survival and reproduction are required to reverse current trends" @default.
- W71403463 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W71403463 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W71403463 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W71403463 title "But They Breed Like Rabbits, Don't They? Plight of the Western Gray Squirrel in Washington" @default.
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