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• W71560373 abstract "The current study investigated the connection between dissociative behaviors and childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual abuse. Dissociative behaviors were measured using the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES; Putnam and Bernstein, 1985). Although research draWing a connection between such dissociative disorders as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Multiple Personality Disorder are cited, this study fails to find any significant correlation between DES scores of subj ects and histories of sexual abuse. The investigator continues on to discuss alternative e}~lanations for the discrepancy between this study and the findings of those studies cited. 3 Dissociation and Sexual Abuse Dissociation and Sexual Abuse: A Study of 95 Students When the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III) was developed in 1980 a new category was included. This was the Dissociative Disorders Category (APA, 1980). With the creation of this category, along with other recent developments in psychiatry, came an upsurge in the interest in the nature of dissociation and its symptomatology. Dissociation is a break in the normal processing or integration of feelings, eJ.:periences, and thoughts into rllerIlory and consciousness. For one reason or another the path that feelings. e)~eriences. and thoughts normally travel to reach our consciousness and memory splits not allowing certain feelings. experiences. or thoughts to reach their goal. Instead, these misdirected pieces are ushered to another part of the mind where they are kept separate from the main meTilory OI' consciou.sness of 8. person. Sometimes this is only a temporary state. but it can be chronic. The concept of dissociative disorders as a unique and separate psychopathological classification is relatively new, coming about with the creation of a separate category in the DSMIII. The DMSIII category identifies five specific dissociative disorders. These are: l)Multiple Personality Disorder Ca~Dl 2lPsychogenic Fugue 3lPsychogenic Amnesia 4 Dissociation and Sexual Abuse 4)Depersonalization Disorder and 5)Atypical Dissociative Disorder (APA, 1980). Although these specific disorders may be new, the concept of dissociative phenomena is not. Forms of dissociative phenomena have been in the clinical literature for well over 100 years. The literature includes mention of such dissociative concepts as abreactions, hypnoid states, the Ganser syndrome, possession syndrome, and out-ofbody experiences (Cocores et. a1. 1984; Ellenberger, 1970; Putnam, 1985). Current research with regards to dissociation has looked at its symptomatology, or how it manifests itself, as well as some of the correlated factors. Ross et al. have looked at the similarities between extrasensory/paranormal experiences and dissociative disorders and how the manifesting behaviors of the two experiences are alike, including the fact that both types of l)ehaviors tend to be triggered by trauma (Ross and Joshi, 1992; Ross et al. 1989a, 1989b, 1990, 1992). Many researchers have found a link between traumatic childhood histories and dissociative behaviors. Putnam has shown that there is a strong tie between the development of dissociative symptoms and traumatic experiences, even with a wide variety of traumatic experiences (Putnam, 1985). Most of the research has looked at specific dissociative disorders rather that dissociative behaviors in general. For example, Ross et al. used the Dissociative Disorders Interview 5 Dissociation and Sexual Abuse Schedule to study the relationship between extrasensoryl paranormal experiences and MPD (Ross et a1. 1989b, 1990, 1992). Dell & Eisenhower (1990) found that 73% of those patients, that they studied, suffering from MPD had an history of sexual abuse, 73% had an history of physical abuse and 82% had an history of e~)tional abuse. A few researchers have connected traumatic e}~eriences to other dissociative disorders besides MPD. Young et. al (1991) simply looked at dissociative behaviors in general as a result of ritualistic childhood abuse. McLeer et. al (1988) looked specifically at Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a result of childhood sexual abuse, finding such disorder in 48.4% of their study population. Perhaps the reason that dissociative behaviors have been studied in connection with traumatic eh~eriences so much is due to a basic theory regarding the purpose of dissociation. Some researchers (Braun, 1990; Glantz and Himber, 1992) feel ttiB.t· disBoc:iation is a defense mechanisrn that is used in order to enable someone to cope with the feelings and th()ughts tha.t accompany a traumatic experience. Others feel that it is a defense mechanism used by all of us to some degree. BernBlein ;~nd Putnarn (1985) argue that the number and frequency of dissociative experiences and symptoms lie along a continuum. with normals exhibiting fewer different typ~~s of dissociative e::;{periences with a much lower. Dissociation and Sexual Abuse" @default.
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• W71560373 title "Dissociation and Sexual Abuse: A Stuy of 95 Students" @default.
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