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• W71775858 abstract "ABSTRACT This paper examined the effectiveness of in-school suspension (ISS) with high-school students who are protected under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The accepted purpose of ISS is to remove disruptive students from the classroom, thus giving these students the benefit of remaining in school where they can continue to work on assignments. This paper examined the merits of ISS and the legal issues involved in using in-school and out-of-school suspension for children with disabilities. The paper cautioned that the implementation of the re-authorized IDEA may lead to necessary changes in the procedural aspects of ISS. Considerations for improving the effectiveness of ISS Programs for students with disabilities are offered. Teachers have struggled with behavior problems since the days of oneroom schools (Morris & Howard, 2003). In 1987, a national study found that a majority of teachers believed that student misbehavior interfered with their teaching, and more than half of the teachers thought it interfered with student learning (National Center for Education Statistics, 1987). In that survey, almost one third of the teachers indicated that they had considered leaving teaching because of student misbehavior. Parents also view school discipline as a major concern. An annual Gallup poll of the public's attitudes toward schools revealed that 84% of Americans believed a lack of discipline contributed to learning failures in public schools. The respondents indicated that the only problem greater than a lack of discipline was a lack of funding (Rose & Gallup, 2003). By the 1960s out of school suspensions (OSS) were seen as an effective means of dealing with large numbers of disruptive students and also as protecting the complement of the student body (Adams, 2000). But in the ensuing decades, critics found a harsher tone for OSS arguing that such suspensions harm students academically, fail to address core behavior problems and release adolescents to the streets without supervision (White, 2003). Patterson (1985) questioned the effectiveness of the approach and Rudolph (1984) argued that it may well be rewarding for some students, inadvertently providing precisely the wrong incentives. Suspension may also have dire psychological effects upon students; Haupt (1987), for example, has concluded that when a child is suspended it ...raises in the student's mind the issue of whether he/she belongs in school at all (p. 29). In addition to the pedagogical and psychological criticisms of out-ofschool suspensions, OSS simply became more difficult to administer following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Goss v. Lopez (1975: hereafter Goss). Goss involved a group of students who claimed that their right to due process had been denied when they were suspended from school without a hearing. The Court ruled that students must be given due process in cases of possible suspension, including oral and written notices of charges against them; the opportunity to challenge the allegations, and, the right to a hearing before an unbiased group (Adams, 2000). Following Coss, schools were faced with several problems when considering suspensions. First, teachers had to prepare a case for suspension, demonstrating that due process had been followed in the disciplinary process, a task involving considerable time and energy. At the same time, schools had to be very careful procedurally because of the potential litigation and because of heightened public scrutiny in response to careless disciplinary actions in the past. Finally, as the accountability movement took firm hold, schools came under great pressure to improve attendance rates, a goal at odds with OSS. Partially in response to this issue, the use of inschool suspension (ISS) acquired increased prominence (Adams, 2000). One group of students greatly affected by these events are those with disabilities protected under IDEA. DISCIPLINING STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES The IDEA Amendments of 1997 spell out the methods by which schools are allowed to discipline students with disabilities. …" @default.
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• W71775858 title "Issues regarding In-School Suspensions and High School Students with Disabilities." @default.
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