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• W71917667 abstract "Epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical research consistently suggest that drinking and smoking are highly comorbid, with significant public health outcomes. However, the more proximal consequences of co-occurring drinking and smoking, such as hangover, have seldom been studied. The current study sought to examine the unique effect of smoking on hangover, and to determine if there is an interaction between drinking and smoking in predicting hangover. Smokers (n=115, reporting 100 lifetime cigarettes and past-month smoking; age 18-19; 57% female; 96% Caucasian) completed a daily web-based survey for 8 weeks to assess history of prior-day alcohol and tobacco use as well as current day hangover symptoms. Prior day number of drinks (M=2.55, SD=4.74) and number of cigarettes (M=7.16, SD=6.67) were assessed. We also created a variable reflecting percent smoked above usual, computed by dividing current day smoking quantity by the mean of smoking quantity across the 56 days (M=1.00, SD=0.75). Current day hangover was constructed by taking a mean across 5 items: tired, headache, nauseated, weak, and difficulty concentrating on things, each ranging from (1) not at all to (7) extremely (α=0.92). Data were analyzed using multilevel models with periodicity (weekday vs. weekend) and sex controlled. Both smoking quantity and percent smoked above usual univariately predicted hangover (standardized β=0.62; std. β =0.37; p’s < .001) with nearly as strong of magnitude as did drinking quantity (std. β =0.68, p < .001). When drinking quantity was controlled, both smoking quantity and percent smoked above usual uniquely and strongly predicted hangover (std. β =0.12; std. β =0.07; p’s < .001). Most noteworthy was the finding that percent smoked above usual and drinking quantity interacted in a synergistic fashion to predict hangover (β =0.04, p < .001). Several interpretations of the observed effects are possible. One possibility is that nicotine and other aspects of smoking make a direct pharmacologic contribution to hangover expression. An alternate possibility is that tobacco use and hangover are behavioral markers of an underlying genetic liability for sensitivity to drug effects. Methods Results" @default.
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• W71917667 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W71917667 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W71917667 title "Smoking's effect on hangover symptoms" @default.
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