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- W72991104 abstract "The environmental justice literature has shown that poor people and minorities live in more polluted neighborhoods than other groups. This literature has sparked a broad activist movement and several federal policy reforms. This article considers five possible explanations for the observed correlation between pollution and demographics, the evidence in support of each, and their implications. The first is pure discrimination, in which firms pollute based on their preferences for local demographic groups. Second, firms may be attracted to areas where poorer households live for entirely different reasons, such as low land prices and access to transportation corridors. Third, the correlation may arise ex post from households’ locational decisions. In particular, if pollution drives down real estate values, disadvantaged households, prioritizing inexpensive housing, may move to polluted neighborhoods. Fourth, firms may find it easier to make bargains with some communities, those which require lower compensation to host polluting facilities. Finally, poorer citizens tend to have less political power and, as renters, may not have an incentive to protect property values. Consequently, they may be less successful at lobbying government agencies to protect their communities from pollution. The strongest evidence supports the second and third hypotheses. This article also considers ways that environmental justice considerations may be incorporated into benefit–cost analysis and related planning tools." @default.
- W72991104 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W72991104 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W72991104 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W72991104 title "Environmental Justice: The Experience of the United States" @default.
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- W72991104 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375067-9.00016-4" @default.
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