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• W73292520 abstract "parasitize at least seven orders and 33 families of insects (Kathirithamby 2000). The phylogenetic placement of Strepsiptera with respect to other insects the ‘Strepsiptera problem’ has proven to be remarkably difficult to resolve. They have been variously placed sister to Coleoptera (Hendlirsch 1903, Boerner 1904, Shipley 1904), within the coleopteran suborder Polyphaga and as sister to Rhipiphoridae (Crowson 1960), or sister to Diptera (Whiting & Wheeler 1994, Whiting et al. 1997). Even the placement of Strepsiptera within Endopterygota has been questioned (Kristensen 1991). Many of the morphological characters relating Strepsiptera to one insect group or another are difficult to interpret. Strepsipteran individuals are small and possess a unique combination of characters that are either specialized or reduced. For example, a single characterposteriormoterism -places the strepsipterans with coleopterans. A small number of characters suggest a close relationship with Diptera (Whiting 1998). Unfortunately, the quality and especially the quantity of morphological characters that are applicable to determining the phylogenetic placement of Strepsiptera are likely to remain limited. Molecular data hold the promise of resolving the phylogenetic placement of Strepsiptera. However, the first molecular studies of Strepsiptera phylogeny have proven ambiguous. The only sequence data, to date, has been from the 18S and 28S ribosomal genes (Carmean & Crespi 1995, Whiting et al. 1997). Phylogenetic analysis of these data using different methods produce quite different placements for the Strepsiptera. Parsimony analysis of the 18S and 28S ribosomal data produce trees having Strepsiptera sister to Diptera (a group called Halteria by Whiting et al. 1997). Maximum likelihood analyses, on the other hand, do not strongly place the Strepsiptera with any particular group of insects. Interestingly, the Strepsiptera problem has catalyzed interest in the properties of phylogenetic methods and resulted in an increased understanding of the potential biases that affect different methods. Specifically, the Strepsiptera problem has directly motivated an interest in the differences between likelihood-based and parsimony methods. In this paper, I review some of the strengths and limitations of the parsimony and maximum likelihood methods of phylogenetic inference. The parsimony and maximum likelihood methods have been used to infer strepsipteran phylogeny and an understanding of the limitations of these methods is important for interpreting the degree of support for various phylogenetic hypotheses. I will also outline some important advances in Bayesian inference of phylogeny and describe how this method can be used to measure how the support for strepsipteran + dipteran monophyly has changed in the light of the ribosomal sequence data." @default.
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• W73292520 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W73292520 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W73292520 title "A BAYESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON THE STREPSIPTERA PROBLEM" @default.
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