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• W73539845 abstract "MICROCOMPUTER SECURITY AND CONTROL Six inexpensive and simple techniques. The accounting professional who has worked around microcomputers for any length of time knows how difficult it is to maintain their security. With very little trouble, a user can access confidential records and change, copy or erase them. Although no internal control system will protect the microcomputer completely from a determined and sophisticated user, some simple and inexpensive techniques can substantially reduce the likelihood of security breaches. The general strategy behind security is to create layers, or levels, of obstacles through which an intruder must pass before reaching confidential data. The more layers there are, the more difficult it is to access unauthorized information and, hence, the greater the internal control. These layers need not be elaborate or tremendously sophisticated to be effective. That they are in place and it is not immediately apparent how to get around them will increase security. Some of the suggested techniques involve nothing more than using attributes of Microsoft's disk operating system (MS-DOS); others require purchasing a software package. All of them will increase control over valuable information. HIDDEN FILES MS-DOS for IBM and compatible machines has several obscure capabilities. For data security purposes, the best of these is the ability to hide files, directories and characters from view. Hiding a file or directory means the user can't see any part of the file or directory name. Hiding characters allows the user to see part of the file or directory name but keeps one character invisible. Hidden files and directories are considered first. Suppose you have hidden a file named Payroll.90 in the main directory. That file will not appear on the screen when the directory is listed. The advantages of this are obvious. Since the name of the file can't be seen, it's not likely anyone will be able to access it. It will be protected from accidental damage by novice users and from access by intruders, because they will not know where to find it unless an authorized person tells them. To enhance separation of duties and internal control, only the specific names of hidden files or directories required in an employee's job-related tasks need be disclosed. For example, staff responsible for payables would know the names of specific payables files but not of the receivables files. In general, the only way to hide a file or directory is by using a disk utility program such as Professional Master Key Utilities, Norton Utilities or Mace Utilities. (See the software products listing on page 86). These programs are inexpensive and easy to use because they are menu-driven and accomplish tasks that cannot be performed with DOS commands alone. All utility programs will be slightly different, of course, but the basic methods for hiding a file will be the same: Access the utilities program and call up the files in any given directory. The program will display a menu of the file's attributes. These are its special characteristics and are not to the user. One of these is the hidden/visible option. When the file(s) to be hidden has been located, the attribute can be changed simply from visible to hidden. While hiding an entire file or a directory name is helpful, hiding a single character within a file or directory name also can be effective. Creating a file or directory with a single invisible character embedded in its name can make the file or directory difficult to access. For instance, to protect a certain directory with several accounting data files in it, an invisible character could be hidden in the directory name. Although the directory would be on-screen, most users would not know how to gain access to it because they would not know about the hidden character. Embedding hidden characters in file or directory names simply requires using DOS's ALT 255 invisible character capability. …" @default.
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• W73539845 title "Microcomputer Security and Control: Six Inexpensive and Simple Techniques" @default.
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