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- W74421626 abstract "observation of the amount of heat the sun sends the earth, wrote S. P. Langley (1), among the most important and difficult in astronomical physics. It may also be termed the fundamental problem of meteorology, nearly all [of] whose phenomena would become predictable, if we knew both the original amount and kind of this heat ; how it affects the constituents of the atmosphere on its passage earthward; how much of it reaches the soil; how, through the aid of the atmosphere, it maintains the surface temperature of this planet ; and how, in diminished quantity and altered kind, it is finally returned to outer space. For 45 years the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory has been checking solar radiation (2). The heat in the sun's rays has been measured not only at the ground, but also as it would be if the observer could be • in free space at the earth's mean distance from the sun. The result obtained is called the solar constant of radiation and is expressed in the heat unit, the small calorie. The average value is 1.94 calories per square centimeter per minute, although at different times the solar radiation may be 1 per cent above or below that figure. Instruments were invented and new methods perfected. Beginning at Washington, D.C, the work was transferred to Mt. Wilson, Calif., then to Mt. Whitney, Calif., and then across the Atlantic to Bassour, Algeria. By 1915 so much evidence had been collected that H. H. Clayton, Chief Forecaster of Argentina, was able to show in an extremely significant paper (3) that the sun's variation is a major element in weather. Theretofore obser-" @default.
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- W74421626 date "1948-07-01" @default.
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- W74421626 title "The Sun and Precipitation" @default.
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- W74421626 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1948.tb16353.x" @default.
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