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• W744456515 abstract "The purpose of this paper is to present some recent empirical findings 'Concerning the role of military expenditures in human capital formation. While the analysis involves all of the Arab countries, particular attention was given to the Gulf states. The main findings of the study indicate that an important aspect of human capital development, improvements in literacy, has proceeded in a so!Ilewhat unique manner in the Arab world. For these countries, improvements in literacy have been much more closely associated with the military participation rate than is the case in other parts of the world. While this relationship appears to be weakening somewhat, it is still a dominant factor for these countries. Introduction The question of Middle East military expenditures is probably most frequently raised in an international context, relative to such problems or potential probiems as the Arab-Israeli dispute or territorial sovereignty in the Horn of Africa. Wheri and if any attention is given to the domestic significance of military expenditures, it tends to focus on the genera.I concerns for the underdeveloped nature of the economies and social structures' of these countries. Since most developing countries suffer from capital shortages that hinder rapid economic growth, high levels of military spending are seen in terms of capital diverted from civilian investment to armaments from butter to guns. 1 However, for the oil exporters, particularly the sparsely populated countries in the Arabian peninsula, the oil price increase of 1973 has for the most part erased the problem of capital shortages. But the ready availability of capital has not removed all obstacles to development. Replacing capital shortages are labor shortages, particularly in technologically oriented skill categories, and these new constraints have proven as troublesome as the previous capital problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of military expenditures in human capital formation in the Arab world. Have military expenditures affected human resource development in a positive manner? If so, in what sense? Have patterns of military expenditure/ human resource development in the Arab world differed significantly from those in other developing countries, and, if this is the case, have these patterns changed over time? • The Importance of Human Resources The devc!lopment of human resources or human capital formation is an important policy objective of governments in less developed countries. The main interest shown in the past towards physical capital accumulation leading to high growth rates per se has given way to policies which look at a much wider definition of the capital or wealth of a nation. There are several reasons for this: I. It is now generally agreed that physical capital (or its change investment) is only one of a number of inputs that are required for higher national output. Thus even to achieve sustainable high growth rates one needs human capital as an independent factor of production. 2. There may be cross-productivity effects such that better human capital may also increase" @default.
• W744456515 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W744456515 date "1989-01-01" @default.
• W744456515 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W744456515 title "Military Expenditures and Human Capital Development: Can the Arab World Have Both" @default.
• W744456515 hasPublicationYear "1989" @default.
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